Zusammenfassung
Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Neurophysiologie von Bewegung und Lernen. Hierzu werden zunächst die motorischen Systeme, die an der Planung, Ausführung und Kontrolle einer Bewegung beteiligt sind, vorgestellt. Es folgt eine Betrachtung der Besonderheiten der Hirnanatomie und -funktionen in verschiedenen Altersbereichen, insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter und im Seniorenalter. Als Nächstes werden die zentralen neurobiologischen Lernformen sowie funktionelle und strukturelle Änderungen des Gehirns, die mit dem motorischen Lernen einhergehen, zusammengefasst. Anschließend wird der Wissenstand zur Wirkung körperlicher Aktivität auf die Kognition vorgestellt und es werden hierzu verhaltenswissenschaftliche und neurophysiologische Befunde sowie akute und chronische Wirkungen von Aktivität berücksichtigt. Den Abschluss des Kapitels bildet der Themenbereich Dual- bzw. Multitasking.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Albert, N. B., Robertson, E. M., & Miall, R. C. (2009). The resting human brain and motor learning. Current Biology, 19(12), 1023–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.028.
Alves, C. R., Tessaro, V. H., Teixeira, L. A., Murakava, K., Roschel, H., Gualano, B., & Takito, M. Y. (2014). Influence of acute high-intensity aerobic interval exercise bout on selective attention and short-term memory tasks. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 118(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.2466/22.06.PMS.118k10w4.
Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (1996). The concept of working memory. In S. Gathercole (Hrsg.), Models of short-term memory (S. 1–28). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Barella, L. A., Etnier, J. L., & Chang, Y. K. (2010). The immediate and delayed effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 18(1), 87–98.
Bauswein, E., & Fromm, C. (1992). Activity in the precentral motor areas after presentation of targets for delayed reaching movements varies with the initial arm position. European Journal of Neuroscience, 4(12), 1407–1410.
Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., & Paradiso, M. A. (2007). Neurowissenschaften. Berlin: Springer.
Beurze, S. M., de Lange, F. P., Toni, I., & Medendorp, W. P. (2007). Integration of target and effector information in the human brain during reach planning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97(1), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00456.2006.
Bezzola, L., Merillat, S., Gaser, C., & Jancke, L. (2011). Training-induced neural plasticity in golf novices. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(35), 12444–12448. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1996-11.2011.
Blanksby, B. A., Parker, H. E., Bradley, S., & Ong, V. (1995). Children’s readiness for learning front crawl swimming. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(2), 34–37.
Boyke, J., Driemeyer, J., Gaser, C., Buchel, C., & May, A. (2008). Training-induced brain structure changes in the elderly. Journal of Neuroscience, 28(28), 7031–7035. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0742-08.2008.
Boyle, P. A., Buchman, A. S., Barnes, L. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2010). Effect of a purpose in life on risk of incident Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older persons. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(3), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.208.
Brodmann, K. (1909). Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in Ihren Prinzipien Dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. Leipzig: Barth.
Brookings, J., & Damos, D. (1991). Individual differences in multiple task performance. In D. Damos (Hrsg.), Multiple task performance (S. 363–385). London: Wiley.
Budde, H., et al. (2008). “Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents.” Neuroscience Letters 441, 219–223.
Budde, H., Windisch, C., Kudielka, B. M., & Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2010). Saliva cortisol in school children after acute physical exercise. Neuroscience Letters, 483(1), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.036.
Budde, H., Brunelli, A., Machado, S., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P., Arias-Carrion, O., & Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2012). Intermittent maximal exercise improves attentional performance only in physically active students. Archives of Medical Research, 43(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.02.005.
Cabeza, R. (2002). Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: The HAROLD model. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 85–100.
Chaddock, L., Erickson, K. I., Prakash, R. S., Kim, J. S., Voss, M. W., Vanpatter, M., et al. (2010a). A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness, hippocampal volume, and memory performance in preadolescent children. Brain Research, 1358, 172–183.
Chaddock, L., Erickson, K. I., Prakash, R. S., VanPatter, M., Voss, M. W., Pontifex, M. B., et al. (2010b). Basal ganglia volume is associated with aerobic fitness in preadolescent children. Developmental Neuroscience, 32(3), 249–256.
Chaddock, L., Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Johnson, C. R., Raine, L. B., & Kramer, A. F. (2012). Childhood aerobic fitness predicts cognitive performance one year later. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(5), 421–430.
Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Brain Research, 1453, 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068.
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2010). Neural mechanisms for interacting with a world full of action choices. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 33, 269–298. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135409.
Colcombe, S. J., Erickson, K. I., Raz, N., Webb, A. G., Cohen, N. J., McAuley, E., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Aerobic fitness reduces brain tissue loss in aging humans. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(2), 176–180.
Coynel, D., Marrelec, G., Perlbarg, V., Pelegrini-Issac, M., Van de Moortele, P. F., Ugurbil, K., et al. (2010). Dynamics of motor-related functional integration during motor sequence learning. Neuroimage, 49(1), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.048.
Crammond, D. J., & Kalaska, J. F. (1994). Modulation of preparatory neuronal activity in dorsal premotor cortex due to stimulus-response compatibility. Journal of Neurophysiology, 71(3), 1281–1284. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.1281.
Dale, G., & Arnell, K. M. (2010). Individual differences in dispositional focus of attention predict attentional blink magnitude. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(3), 602–606. https://doi.org/10.3758/app.72.3.602.
Deetjen, P., Speckmann, E.-J., & Hescheler, J. (2005). Physiologie (4. Aufl.). München: Urban & Fischer.
Doyon, J., & Benali, H. (2005). Reorganization and plasticity in the adult brain during learning of motor skills. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15(2), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.004.
Doyon, J., Song, A. W., Karni, A., Lalonde, F., Adams, M. M., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002). Experience-dependent changes in cerebellar contributions to motor sequence learning. PNAS, 99(2), 1017–1022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.022615199.
Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004). Neuroplasticity: Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature, 427(6972), 311–312. https://doi.org/10.1038/427311a.
Driemeyer, J., Boyke, J., Gaser, C., Buchel, C., & May, A. (2008). Changes in gray matter induced by learning – Revisited. PLoS One, 3(7), e2669. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002669.
Drollette, E. S., Scudder, M. R., Raine, L. B., Moore, R. D., Saliba, B. J., Pontifex, M. B., & Hillman, C. H. (2014). Acute exercise facilitates brain function and cognition in children who need it most: An ERP study of individual differences in inhibitory control capacity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2013.11.001.
Enriquez-Geppert, S., Huster, R. J., & Herrmann, C. S. (2013). Boosting brain functions: Improving executive functions with behavioral training, neurostimulation, and neurofeedback. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 88(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.02.001.
Erickson, K. I., Colcombe, S. J., Wadhwa, R., Bherer, L., Peterson, M. S., Scalf, P. E., & Kramer, A. F. (2005). Neural correlates of dual-task performance after minimizing task-preparation. Neuroimage, 28(4), 967–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.047.
Ernst, A., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Perl, S., Tisdale, J., et al. (2014). Neurogenesis in the striatum of the adult human brain. Cell, 156(5), 1072–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.044.
Eyre, J. A., Taylor, J. P., Villagra, F., Smith, M., & Miller, S. (2001). Evidence of activity-dependent withdrawal of corticospinal projections during human development. Neurology, 57(9), 1543–1554. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.9.1543.
Floyer-Lea, A., & Matthews, P. M. (2004). Changing brain networks for visuomotor control with increased movement automaticity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 92(4), 2405–2412. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01092.2003.
Gail, A., Klaes, C., & Westendorff, S. (2009). Implementation of spatial transformation rules for goal-directed reaching via gain modulation in monkey parietal and premotor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(30), 9490–9499. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1095-09.2009.
Ghez, C., & Gordon, J. (1996). Einführung in die Motorik. In E. Kandel, J. Schwartz, & T. Jessel (Hrsg.), Neurowissenschaften (S. 499–511). Heidelberg: Spektrum.
Gobel, E. W., Parrish, T. B., & Reber, P. J. (2011). Neural correlates of skill acquisition: Decreased cortical activity during a serial interception sequence learning task. Neuroimage, 58(4), 1150–1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.090.
Godde, B., Trautmann, M., Erhard, P., & Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2018). Motor practice in a force modulation task in young and middle-aged adults. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 38, 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.12.005.
Graziano, M. S. A. (2016). Ethological action maps: A paradigm shift for the motor cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.008.
Hamzei, F., Glauche, V., Schwarzwald, R., & May, A. (2012). Dynamic gray matter changes within cortex and striatum after short motor skill training are associated with their increased functional interaction. Neuroimage, 59(4), 3364–3372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.089.
Haug, H. (1986). History of neuromorphometry. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 18(1–2), 1–17.
Henz, S., Kutz, D. F., Werner, J., Hurster, W., Kolb, F. P., & Nida-Ruemelin, J. (2015). Stimulus-dependent deliberation process leading to a specific motor action demonstrated via a multi-channel EEG analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00355.
Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 58. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2298.
Hogan, C. L., Mata, J., & Carstensen, L. L. (2013). Exercise holds immediate benefits for affect and cognition in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(2), 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032634.
Hopkins, M. E., Davis, F. C., Vantieghem, M. R., Whalen, P. J., & Bucci, D. J. (2012). Differential effects of acute and regular physical exercise on cognition and affect. Neuroscience, 215, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.056.
Hoshi, E., & Tanji, J. (2006). Differential involvement of neurons in the dorsal and ventral premotor cortex during processing of visual signals for action planning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 95(6), 3596–3616. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01126.2005.
Hoshi, E., Shima, K., & Tanji, J. (2000). Neuronal activity in the primate prefrontal cortex in the process of motor selection based on two behavioral rules. Journal of Neurophysiology, 83(4), 2355–2373. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.2355.
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Kamijo, K. (2009). Effects of acute exercise on event-related brain potentials. Enhancing cognitive functioning and brain plasticity (S. 111–132). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Kamijo, K., Nishihira, Y., Higashiura, T., & Kuroiwa, K. (2007). The interactive effect of exercise intensity and task difficulty on human cognitive processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65(2), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.04.001.
Klingberg, T. (1998). Concurrent performance of two working memory tasks: Potential mechanisms of interference. Cerebral Cortex, 8(7), 593–601.
Kwon, Y. H., Nam, K. S., & Park, J. W. (2012). Identification of cortical activation and white matter architecture according to short-term motor learning in the human brain: Functional MRI and diffusion tensor tractography study. Neuroscience Letters, 520(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.005.
Lambourne, K., & Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: A meta-regression analysis. Brain Research, 1341, 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.091.
Li, K. Z., & Lindenberger, U. (2002). Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 26(7), 777–783.
Logan, G. D., Yamaguchi, M., Schall, J. D., & Palmeri, T. J. (2015). Inhibitory control in mind and brain 2.0: Blocked-input models of saccadic countermanding. Psychological Review, 122(2), 115–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038893.
Luft, A. R., & Buitrago, M. M. (2005). Stages of motor skill learning. Molecular Neurobiology, 32(3), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1385/mn:32:3:205.
Ma, L., Wang, B., Narayana, S., Hazeltine, E., Chen, X., Robin, D. A., et al. (2010). Changes in regional activity are accompanied with changes in inter-regional connectivity during 4 weeks motor learning. Brain Research, 1318, 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.073.
Ma, L., Narayana, S., Robin, D. A., Fox, P. T., & Xiong, J. (2011). Changes occur in resting state network of motor system during 4 weeks of motor skill learning. Neuroimage, 58(1), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.014.
Magnie, M. N., Bermon, S., Martin, F., Madany-Lounis, M., Suisse, G., Muhammad, W., & Dolisi, C. (2000). P300, N400, aerobic fitness, and maximal aerobic exercise. Psychophysiology, 37(3), 369–377.
Matelli, M., & Luppino, G. (1992). Anatomo-functional parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex. In R. Caminiti, P. B. Johnson, & Y. Burnod (Hrsg.), Control of arm movement in space: Neurophysiological and computational approaches (S. 85–101). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Matelli, M., & Luppino, G. (2004). Architectonics of the primates cortex: Usefulness and limits. Cortex, 40(1), 209–210.
McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J. (2012). Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation. Brain and Cognition, 80(3), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.09.001.
McMorris, T., Sproule, J., Turner, A., & Hale, B. J. (2011). Acute, intermediate intensity exercise, and speed and accuracy in working memory tasks: A meta-analytical comparison of effects. Physiology & Behavior, 102(3–4), 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12.007.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734.
Nakamura, Y., Nishimoto, K., Akamatu, M., Takahashi, M., & Maruyama, A. (1999). The effect of jogging on P300 event related potentials. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 39(2), 71–74.
Nelson, A. B., & Kreitzer, A. C. (2014). Reassessing models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 37, 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-013916.
Norman, D., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. In R. Davidson, R. Schwartz, & D. Shapiro (Hrsg.), Consciousness and self-regulation: Advances in research and theory IV (S. 1–18). New York, Springer US.
Park, D. C., Polk, T. A., Park, R., Minear, M., Savage, A., & Smith, M. R. (2004). Aging reduces neural specialization in ventral visual cortex. PNAS, 101(35), 13091–13095. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405148101.
Parker, H. E., & Blanksby, B. A. (1997). Starting age and aquatic skill learning in young children: Mastery of prerequisite water confidence and basic aquatic locomotion skills. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 29(3), 83–87.
Pashler, H., Johnston, J. C., & Ruthruff, E. (2001). Attention and performance. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 629–651. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.629.
Pontifex, M. B., Hillman, C. H., & Polich, J. (2009). Age, physical fitness, and attention: P3a and P3b. Psychophysiology, 46(2), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00782.x.
Rolando, L. (1828). Saggio sopra la vera struttura del cervello dell’uomo e degli animali e sopra le funzioni del sistema nervoso (2. Aufl.). Torino: Giunti. (Erstveröffentlichung 1809).
Sakuma, K., Murakami, T., & Nakashima, K. (2007). Short latency afferent inhibition is not impaired in mild cognitive impairment. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 1460–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.018.
Salvucci, D. D., & Taatgen, N. A. (2008). Threaded cognition: An integrated theory of concurrent multitasking. Psychological Review, 115(1), 101–130. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.115.1.101.
Scangos, K. W., Aronberg, R., & Stuphorn, V. (2013). Performance monitoring by presupplementary and supplementary motor area during an arm movement countermanding task. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109, 1928–1939.
Schmahmann, J. D. (1997). The Cerebellum and Cognition. San Diego: Academic.
Scholz, J., Klein, M. C., Behrens, T. E., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2009). Training induces changes in white-matter architecture. Nature Neuroscience, 12(11), 1370–1371. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2412.
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science, 275, 1593–1599.
Scudder, M. R., Drollette, E. S., Pontifex, M. B., & Hillman, C. H. (2012). Neuroelectric indices of goal maintenance following a single bout of physical activity. Biological Psychology, 89(2), 528–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.009.
Sibley, B. A., & Etnier, J. L. (2003). The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: A meta-analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.3.243.
Spalding, K. L., Bergmann, O., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Huttner, H. B., et al. (2013). Dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans. Cell, 153(6), 1219–1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.002.
Stephan, K. E., Friston, K. J. (2009). Functional connectivity. In Squire, L R. (Hrsg.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (S. 391–397). New York: Elsevier.
Strobach, T., Salminen, T., Karbach, J., & Schubert, T. (2014). Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: A general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks. Psychological Research, 78(6), 836–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-014-0563-7.
Stuphorn, V. (2015). The role of supplementary eye field in goal-directed behavior. Journal of Physiology, 109(1), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.02.002.
Swinnen, S. P. (2002). Intermanual coordination: From behavioural principles to neural-network interactions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 348. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn807.
Szameitat, A. J., Schubert, T., Muller, K., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2002). Localization of executive functions in dual-task performance with fMRI. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(8), 1184–1199. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902760807195.
Szameitat, A. J., et al. (2011). „How to test for dual-task-specific effects in brain imaging studies: An evaluation of potential analysis methods.“ NeuroImage 54(3), 1765–1773.
Taatgen, N. A., Juvina, I., Schipper, M., Borst, J. P., & Martens, S. (2009). Too much control can hurt: A threaded cognition model of the attentional blink. Cognitive Psychology, 59(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.12.002.
Taubert, M., Lohmann, G., Margulies, D. S., Villringer, A., & Ragert, P. (2011). Long-term effects of motor training on resting-state networks and underlying brain structure. Neuroimage, 57(4), 1492–1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.078.
Timmann-Braun, D., & Maschke, M. (2003). Das Kleinhirn ganz groß: Über den wichtigsten Zuarbeiter des Großhirns. Essener Unikate, 22, 18–29.
Tomporowski, P. D. (2003). Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychologica, 112(3), 297–324.
Toni, I., Rowe, J., Stephan, K. E., & Passingham, R. E. (2002). Changes of cortico-striatal effective connectivity during visuomotor learning. Cerebral Cortex, 12(10), 1040–1047.
Vahdat, S., Darainy, M., Milner, T. E., & Ostry, D. J. (2011). Functionally specific changes in resting-state sensorimotor networks after motor learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(47), 16907–16915. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2737-11.2011.
van Impe, A., Coxon, J. P., Goble, D. J., Wenderoth, N., & Swinnen, S. P. (2011). Age-related changes in brain activation underlying single- and dual-task performance: Visuomanual drawing and mental arithmetic. Neuropsychologia, 49(9), 2400–2409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.016.
Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2008). Motor-skill learning in older adults – A review of studies on age-related differences. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 5(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-008-0030-9.
Voelcker-Rehage, C., & Niemann, C. (2013). Structural and functional brain changes related to different types of physical activity across the life span. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(9 Pt B), 2268–2295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.028.
Voelcker-Rehage, C., Godde, B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2011). Cardiovascular and coordination training differentially improve cognitive performance and neural processing in older adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00026.
Weinrich, M., & Wise, S. P. (1982). The premotor cortex of the monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 2(9), 1329–1345.
Wickens, C. D. (2002). Multiple resources and performance prediction. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 3(2), 159–177.
Wolpert, D. M., Miall, R. C., & Kawato, M. (1998). Internal models in the cerebellum. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(9), 338–347.
Woollacott, M., & Shumway-Cook, A. (2002). Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture, 16(1), 1–14.
Xiong, J., Ma, L., Wang, B., Narayana, S., Duff, E. P., Egan, G. F., & Fox, P. T. (2009). Long-term motor training induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in both task and resting states. Neuroimage, 45(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.11.016.
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18(5), 459–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.920180503.
Yogev-Seligmann, G., Hausdorff, J. M., & Giladi, N. (2008). The role of executive function and attention in gait. Movement Disorders, 23(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21720. (Quiz 472).
Zilles, K., Schlaug, G., Geyer, S., Luppino, G., Matelli, M., Qü, M., et al. (1996). Anatomy and transmitter receptors of the supplementary motor areas in the human and nonhuman primate brain. Advances in Neurology, 70, 29–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Voelcker-Rehage, C., Kutz, D.F. (2020). Neurokognition und Bewegung. In: Schüler, J., Wegner, M., Plessner, H. (eds) Sportpsychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56802-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56802-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-56801-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-56802-6
eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)