Zusammenfassung
Dieses Kapitel widmet sich zunächst der Epidemiologie von Dysphagien, also den Häufigkeiten, Ätiologien und Folgen von Schluckstörungen. Danach werden mit Dysphagien assoziierte neurologische Erkrankungen behandelt, wobei in kraniokaudaler Richtung vorgegangen wird – vom Gehirn über die Hirnnerven und die neuromuskuläre Übergangsregion bis zur Muskulatur; auch psychiatrische und psychogene Dysphagien werden dabei berücksichtigt. Es folgt eine Darstellung von HNO-Erkrankungen, die zu Dysphagien führen: unter anderem Kopf-Hals-Tumoren, Zenker-Divertikel, entzündliche Ätiologien und obstruktives Schlafapnoe-Syndrom. Gegenstand des dritten Abschnitts sind internistische Erkrankungen, die in dysphagiologischer Hinsicht überwiegend die Speiseröhre betreffen und daher schlucktherapeutisch nicht direkt angegangen werden können; weil ösophageale Störungen aber oropharyngeale Dysphagien nicht selten begleiten oder „vortäuschen“, sind sie differenzialdiagnostisch sehr wichtig. Schließlich werden iatrogene Ursachen von Dysphagien erörtert; sie umfassen zahlreiche Medikamente, an die man in unklaren Fällen stets denken sollte, und Operationen – etwa Eingriffe an der Arteria carotis interna oder der Halswirbelsäule. Ein eigener Abschnitt über medizinische Begutachtung von Dysphagien in den Bereichen des Schwerbehindertenrechts, des sozialen Entschädigungsrechts und der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung rundet die Thematik des Kapitels ab. Dieses Kapitel ist inhaltlich recht umfassend und berücksichtigt auch seltene Erkrankungen verschiedenster Fachdisziplinen. Für Dysphagien aller Ätiologien werden jeweils krankheitstypische Störungsmuster sowie Möglichkeiten der medikamentösen, operativen, ernährungsmedizinischen und schlucktherapeutischen Interventionen eingehend beschrieben.
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Prosiegel, M., Weber, S. (2018). Mit Schluckstörungen assoziierte Erkrankungen. In: Dysphagie. Praxiswissen Logopädie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56132-4_4
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