Zusammenfassung
In der Psychologie wird unter der Umwelt eines Menschen die Gesamtheit aller externen Bedingungen verstanden, die sein Erleben und Verhalten beeinflussen. In der Persönlichkeitspsychologie wird dieser Umweltbegriff auf regelmäßig wiederkehrende Situationen eingegrenzt: So wie es mittelfristig stabile Persönlichkeitseigenschaften gibt, gibt es auch mittelfristig stabile Umwelteigenschaften, die Personen charakterisieren. In diesem Kapitel werden diese Umwelteigenschaften, Beziehungen zwischen Umwelt und Persönlichkeit und Methoden zu deren Erfassung diskutiert. Ferner werden persönliche Beziehungen als zentrale Aspekte der persönlichen Umwelt vorgestellt und am Beispiel von sozialen Netzwerken und ausgewählten Beziehungen (Eltern-Kind- und Partnerbindung) erörtert. Schließlich wird diskutiert, welchen Beitrag die Persönlichkeitspsychologie zur professionellen Partnervermittlung leisten kann.
Literatur
Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Asendorpf, J.B. (2011). Non-correspondence between genes and genetic effects. European Journal of Personality, 25, 267–268.
Asendorpf, J.B. (2016a). Bindung im Erwachsenenalter. In H.-W. Bierhoff & D. Frey (Hrsg.), Soziale Motive und soziale Einstellungen (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Serie Sozialpsychologie, Band 2, S. 323–352). Göttingen: Hogrefe Verlag.
Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R. & Neyer, F.J. (2017). Psychologie der Beziehung. (2. Aufl.). Bern: Hogrefe.
Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R., Wilpers, S. & Neyer, F.J. (1997). Beziehungsspezifische Bindungsskalen für Erwachsene und ihre Validierung durch Netzwerk- und Tagebuchverfahren. Diagnostica, 43, 289–313.
Asendorpf, J.B., Borkenau, P., Ostendorf, F. & van Aken, M.A.G. (2001). Carving personality description at its joints: Confirmation of three replicable personality prototypes for both children and adults. European Journal of Personality, 15, 169–198.
Asendorpf, J.B. & Meier, G.H. (1993). Personality effects on children's speech in everyday life: Sociability-mediated exposure and shyness-mediated reactivity to social situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1072–1083.
Asendorpf, J.B., Penke, L. & Back, M.D. (2011). From dating to mating and relating: Predictors of initial and long-term outcomes of speed-dating in a community sample. European Journal of Personality, 25, 16–30.
Asendorpf, J.B. & Wilpers, S. (1998). Personality effects on social relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1531–1544.
Asendorpf, J.B. & Wilpers, S. (1999). KIT: Kontrolliertes InteraktionsTagebuch zur Erfassung sozialer Interaktionen, Beziehungen und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften. Diagnostica, 45, 82–94.
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., van IJzendoorn, M.H. & Juffer, F. (2003). Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 195–215.
Baldwin, M.W. (1992). Relational schemas and the processing of social information. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 461–484.
Barker, R.G. (1968). Ecological psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147–178.
Bartholomew, K. & Horowitz, L.M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244.
Baumann, U. & Laireiter, A. (1996). Individualdiagnostik interpersoneller Beziehungen. In K. Pawlik (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Band C/VIII/1: Differentielle Psychologie und Persönlichkeitsforschung (S. 609–643). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Belsky, J., Campbell, S.B., Cohn, J.F. & Moore, G. (1996). Instability of infant-parent attachment security. Developmental Psychology, 32, 921–924.
Bernard, H.R., Killworth, P., Kronenfeld, D. & Sailer, L. (1984). The problem of informant accuracy: The validity of retrospective data. Annual Review of Anthropology, 13, 495–517.
Berscheid, E. (1994). Interpersonal relationships. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 45, 79–129.
Bokhorst, C.L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Fearon, R.M.P., van IJzendoorn, M.H., Fonagy, P. & Schuengel, C. (2003). The importance of shared environment in mother-infant attachment security: A behavioral genetic study. Child Development, 74, 1769–1782.
Bolger, N., Foster, M., Vinokur, A.D. & Ng, R. (1996). Close relationships and adjustment to a life crisis: The case of breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 283–294.
Bolger, N. & Schilling, E.A. (1991). Personality and the problems of everyday life: The role of neuroticism in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Journal of Personality, 59, 355–386.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety, and anger. New York: Basic Books.
Brennan, K.A., Clark, C.L. & Shaver, P.R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J.A. Simpson & W.H. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). New York: Guilford Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.
Cassidy, J. & Kobak, R.R. (1988). Avoidance and its relationship with other defensive processes. In J. Belsky & T. Nezworski (Eds.), Clinical implications of attachment (pp. 300–323). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen, S. & Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.
Cook, W.L. (2000). Understanding attachment security in family context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 285–294.
Cutrona, C.E. & Russell, D. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In I.G. Sarason, B.R. Sarason & G.R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319–366). New York: Wiley.
De Wolff, M.S. & van IJzendoorn, M.H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571–591.
Delespaul, P.A.E.G. (1992). Technical note: Devices and time-sampling procedures. In M.W. de Vries (Ed.), The experience of psychopathology: Investigating mental disorders in their natural settings (pp. 363–373). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Doherty, N.A. & Feeney, J.A. (2004). The composition of attachment networks throughout the adult years. Personal Relationships, 11, 469–488.
Doll, J., Mentz, M. & Witte, E.H. (1995). Zur Theorie der vier Bindungsstile: Meßprobleme und Korrelate dreier integrierter Verhaltenssysteme. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 26, 148–159.
Dozier, M., Stovall, K.C., Albus, K.E. & Bates, B. (2001). Attachment for infants in foster care: The role of caregiver state of mind. Child Development, 72, 1467–1477.
Dyrenforth, P.S., Kashy, D.A., Donnellan, M B. & Lucas, R E. (2010). Predicting relationship and life satisfaction from personality in nationally representative samples from three countries: The relative importance of actor, partner, and similarity effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 690–702.
Ein-Dor, T., Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P.R. (2011). Attachment insecurities and the processing of threat-related information: Studying the schemas involved in insecure people's coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 78–93.
Eysenck, H.J. & Wakefield, J.A.,Jr. (1981). Psychological factors as predictors of marital satisfaction. Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy, 3, 151–192.
Fearon, R.P., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M.J., Van IJzendoorn, M.H., Lapsley, A.M. & Roisman, G.I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: A meta‐analytic study. Child Development, 81, 435–456.
Finkel, E.J., Eastwick, P.W., Karney, B.R., Reis, H.T. & Sprecher, S. (2012). Online dating: A critical analysis from the perspective of psychological science. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 13, 3–66.
Flor, H., Breitenstein, C., Birbaumer, N. & Fürst, M. (1995). A psychophysiological analysis of spouse solicitousness towards pain behaviors, spouse interaction, and pain perception. Behavior Therapy, 26, 255–272.
Flor, H., Kernst, R.D. & Turk, D.C. (1987). The role of spouse reinforcement, perceived pain, and activity levels of chronic pain patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31, 251–259.
Fox, N.A., Kimmerly. N.L. & Schafer, W.D. (1991). Attachment to mother/ attachment to father: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 62, 210–225.
Fraley, R.C., Heffernan, M.E., Vicary, A.M. & Brumbaugh, C.C. (2011). The Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23, 615–625.
Fraley, R.C., Waller, N.G. & Brennan, K.A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350–365.
Furman, W., Simon, V.A., Shaffer, L. & Bouchey, H.A. (2002). Adolescents' working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Development, 73, 241–255.
Gleason, M.E., lida, M., Shrout, P.E. & Bolger, N. (2008). Receiving support as a mixed blessing: Evidence for dual effects of support on psychological outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 824–838.
Gloger-Tippelt, G. & Hofmann, V. (1997). Das Adult Attachment Interview: Konzeption, Methode und Erfahrungen im deutschen Sprachraum. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 6, 161–172.
Goldsmith, H.H. & Alansky, J.A. (1987). Maternal and infant temperamental predictors of attachment: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 805–816.
Gonzaga, G.C., Campos, B. & Bradbury, T. (2007). Similarity, convergence, and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 34–48.
Gosling, S.D., Ko, S.J., Mannarelli, T. & Morris, M.E. (2002). A room with a cue: Personality judgments based on offices and bedrooms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 379–398.
Greischel, H., Noack, P. & Neyer, F.J. (2016). Sailing uncharted waters: Adolescent personality development and social relationship experiences during a year abroad. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 2307–2320.
Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.
Heaton, T.B. & Albrecht, S.L. (1991). Stable unhappy marriages. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 747–758.
Heller, D., Watson, D. & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: a critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 574–600.
Hendrick, S.S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 93–98.
Karney, B.R. & Bradbury, T.N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 3–34.
Karney, B.R. & Bradbury, T.N. (1997). Neuroticism, marital interaction, and the trajectory of marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1075–1092.
Kashy, D.A. & Kenny, D.A. (1990). Do you know whom you were with a week ago Friday? Social Psychological Quarterly, 53, 55–61.
Kelly, E.L. & Conley, J.J. (1987). Personality and compatibility: A prospective analysis of marital stability and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 27–40.
Kenny, D.A. (1994). Interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis. New York: Guilford.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A. & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
Kenny, D.A. & LaVoie, L. (1984). The social relations model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 18, pp. 141–182). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Klein, M. (1948). Contributions to psycho-analysis, 1921–1945. London, UK: Hogarth.
Kurdeck, L.A. (1993). Predicting marital dissolution: A 5-year longitudinal study of newlywed couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 221–241.
Lehnart, J., Neyer, F.J. & Eccles, J. (2010). Long-term effects of social investment: The case of partnering in young adulthood. Journal of Personality, 78, 639–670.
Luo, S. & Klohnen, E.C. (2005). Assortative mating and marital quality in newlyweds: A couple-centered approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 304–326.
Lykken, D.T. & Tellegen, A. (1993). Is human mating adventitious or the result of lawful choice? A twin study of mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 56–68.
Madigan, S., Atkinson, L., Laurin, K. & Benoit, D. (2013). Attachment and internalizing behavior in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 49, 672–689.
Main, M. (1995). Desorganisation im Bindungsverhalten. In G. Spangler & P. Zimmermann (Hrsg.), Die Bindungstheorie. Grundlagen, Forschung und Anwendung (S. 120–140). Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Main, M., Kaplan, N. & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 66–104.
Main, M. & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In T.B. Brazelton & M. Yogman (Eds.), Affective development in infancy (pp. 95–124). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Maisel, N.C. & Gable, S.L. (2009). The paradox of received social support. The importance of responsiveness. Psychological Science, 20, 928–932.
Malouff, J.M., Thorsteinsson, E.B., Schutte, N.S., Bhullar, N. & Rooke, S.E. (2010). The Five-Factor Model of personality and relationship satisfaction of intimate partners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 124–127.
McCallister, L. & Fischer, C.S. (1983). A procedure for surveying personal networks. In R.S. Burt & M.J. Minor (Eds.), Applied network analysis (pp. 75–88). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Mikulincer, M., Florian, V. & Weller, A. (1993). Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the gulf war in Israel. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 817–826.
Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P.R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 35, 53–152). New York: Academic Press.
Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P.R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Moreno, J.L. (1934). Who shall survive? A new approach to the problem of human interrelations. Washington, DC: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co.
Mund, M. & Neyer, F.J. (2014). Treating personality-relationship transactions with respect: Narrow facets, advanced models, and extended time frames. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107, 352–368.
Nachmias, M., Gunnar, M., Mangelsdorf, S., Parritz, R.H. & Buss, K. (1996). Behavioral inhibition and stress reactivity: The moderating role of attachment security. Child Development, 67, 508–522.
Nestler, S., Grimm, K.J. & Schönbrodt, F.D. (2015). The social consequences and mechanisms of personality: How to analyse longitudinal data from individual, dyadic, round‐robin and network designs. European Journal of Personality, 29, 272–295.
Neyer, F.J., Mund, M., Zimmermann, J. & Wrzus, C. (2014). Personality-relationship transactions revisited. Journal of Personality, 82, 539–550.
Orth, U. (2013). How large are actor and partner effects of personality on relationship satisfaction? The importance of controlling for shared method variance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 1359–1372.
Pallini, S., Baiocco, R., Schneider, B.H., Madigan, S. & Atkinson, L. (2014). Early child–parent attachment and peer relations: A meta-analysis of recent research. Journal of Family Psychology, 28, 118–123.
Pawlik, K. (1988). „Naturalistische" Daten für Psychodiagnostik: Zur Methodik psychodiagnostischer Felderhebungen. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 9, 169–181.
Pawlik, K. & Buse, L. (1982). Rechnergestützte Verhaltensregistrierung im Feld: Beschreibung und erste psychometrische Überprüfung einer neuen Erhebungsmethode. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 3, 101–118.
Peuckert, R. (2008). Familienformen im sozialen Wandel (7. Aufl.). Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Pinquart, M., Feußner, C. & Ahnert, L. (2013). Meta-analytic evidence for stability in attachments from infancy to early adulthood. Attachment and Human Development, 15, 189–218.
Rauthmann, J.F., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Guillaume, E.M., Todd, E., Nave, C.S., Sherman, R.A., … & Funder, D.C. (2014). The situational eight DIAMONDS: A taxonomy of major dimensions of situation characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107, 677–718.
Robinson, J.P. (1985). The validity and reliability of diaries versus alternative time use measures. In F.T. Juster & F.P. Stafford (Eds.), Time, goods, and well-being (pp. 33–62). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.
Roisman, G.I., Holland, A., Fortuna, K., Fraley, R.C., Clausell. E. & Clarke, A. (2007). The Adult Attachment Interview and self-reports of attachment style: An empirical rapprochement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 678–697.
Rosenfeld, M.J. & Thomas, R. J. (2012). Searching for a mate: The rise of the internet as a social intermediary. American Sociological Review, 77, 523–547.
Ross, H.S. & Lollis, S.P. (1989). A social relations analysis of toddler peer relationships. Child Development, 60, 1082–1091.
Rubin, K.H. (1993). The Waterloo Longitudinal Project: Correlates and consequences of social withdrawal from childhood to adolescence. In K.H. Rubin & J.B. Asendorpf (Eds.), Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness in childhood (pp. 291–314). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sagi, A., Lamb, M.E., Lewkowicz, K.S., Shoham, R., Dvir, R. & Estes, D. (1985). Security of infant-mother, -father, and -metapelet attachments among kibbutz-reared Israeli children. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research (pp. 257–275). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50 (1–2, Serial No. 209).
Sander, J. & Böcker, S. (1993). Die Deutsche Form der Relationship Assesment Scale (RAS): Eine kurze Skala zur Messung der Zufriedenheit in einer Partnerschaft. Diagnostica, 39, 55–62.
Sandler, J. & Rosenblatt, B. (1962). The concept of the representational world. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 17, 128–145 [dt. (1984). Der Begriff der Vorstellungswelt. Psyche, 38, 235–253].
Sarason, B.R., Pierce, G.R. & Sarason, I.G. (1990a). Social support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships. In B.R. Sarason, I.G. Sarason & G.R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 97–128). New York: Wiley.
Sarason, B.R., Pierce, G.R., Shearin, E.N., Sarason, I.G., Waltz, J.A. & Poppe, L. (1991). Perceived social support and working models of self and actual others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 273–287.
Sarason, B.R., Sarason, I.G. & Pierce, G.R. (Eds.) (1990b). Social support: An interactional view. New York: Wiley.
Sarason, B.R., Shearin, E.N., Pierce, G.R. & Sarason, I.G. (1987). Interrelations of social support measures: Theoretical and practical implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 813–832.
Schönbrodt, F.D. & Asendorpf, J.B. (2012). Attachment dynamics in a virtual world. Journal of Personality, 80, 423–429.
Simpson, J.A., Collins, W.A., Tran, S. & Haydon, K.C. (2007). Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 355–367.
Solomon, B.C. & Jackson, J.J. (2014). Why do personality traits predict divorce? Multiple pathways through satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 978–996.
Spanier, G.B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15–28.
Sroufe, L.A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (Vol. 16, pp. 41–83). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Steinkamp, G. & Stief, W. (1979). Familiale Lebensbedingungen und Sozialisation. Soziale Welt, 30, 172–204.
Stern, E. (1986). Reaktivitätseffekte in Untersuchungen zur Selbstprotokollierung des Verhaltens im Feld. Frankfurt/Main: Lang.
Stone, A.A., Kessler, R.C. & Haythornthwaite, J.A. (1991). Measuring daily events and experiences: Decisions for the researcher. Journal of Personality, 59, 575–607.
Suess, G., Grossmann, K.E. & Sroufe, L.A. (1992). Effects of infant attachment to mother and father on quality of adaptation in preschool. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 43–65.
Thompson, R.A. (1998). Early sociopersonality development. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, 5th ed. N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3, pp. 25–104). New York: Wiley.
Treboux, D., Crowell, J.A. & Waters, E. (2004). When "new" meets "old": Configurations of adult attachment representations and their implications for marital functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40, 295–314.
van den Boom, D.C. (1994). The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 65, 1457–1477.
van den Boom, D.C. (1995). Do first-year intervention effects endure? Follow-up during toddlerhood of a sample of Dutch irritable infants. Child Development, 66, 1798–1816.
van IJzendoorn, M.H. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 387–403.
van IJzendoorn, M.H. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. (1996). Attachment representations in mothers, fathers, adolescents, and clinical groups. A meta-analytic search for normative data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 8–21.
van IJzendoorn, M.H., Schuengel, C. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ. (1999). Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 225–249.
Verhage, M.L., Schuengel, C., Madigan, S., Fearon, R.P., Oosterman, M., Cassibba, R., … & van IJzendoorn, M.H. (2016). Narrowing the transmission gap: A synthesis of three decades of research on intergenerational transmission of attachment. Psychological Bulletin, 142, 337–366.
Wagner, J., Lüdtke, O., Roberts, B.W. & Trautwein, U. (2014). Who belongs to me? Social relationship and personality characteristics in the transition to young adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 28, 586–603.
Warner, R., Kenny, D.A. & Stoto, M. (1979). A new round robin analysis of variance for social interaction data. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1742–1757.
Waters, H.S., Rodrigues, L.M. & Ridgeway, D. (1998). Cognitive underpinnings of narrative attachment assessment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 71, 211–234.
Westen, D., Gabbard, G.O. & Ortigo, K.M. (2008). Psychoanalytic approaches to personality. In O. John, R.W. Robins & L.A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 61–113). New York: Guilford.
Wrzus, C., Hänel, M., Wagner, J. & Neyer, F.J. (2013). Social network changes and life events across the lifespan: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 53–80.
Wrzus, C. & Meehl, M.R. (2015). Lab and/or field? Measuring personality processes and their social consequences. European Journal of Personality, 29, 250–271.
Wrzus, C. & Neyer, F.J. (2016). Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan: An empirical review on selection and socialization. European Psychologist, 21, 254–273.
Wrzus, C., Wagner, G.G. & Riediger, M. (2016). Personality-situation transactions from adolescence to old age. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 782–799.
Zimmermann, P. (1995). Bindungsentwicklung in der frühen Kindheit bis zum Jugendalter und ihre Bedeutung für den Umgang mit Freundschaftsbeziehungen. In G. Spangler & P. Zimmermann (Hrsg.), Die Bindungstheorie (S. 203–231). Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neyer, F.J., Asendorpf, J.B., Asendorpf, J.B. (2018). Umwelt und Beziehung. In: Psychologie der Persönlichkeit. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54942-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54942-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54941-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-54942-1
eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)