Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infektionen des ZNS und der umgebenden Strukturen bei Kindern

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pädiatrische Neurochirurgie

  • 4648 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Infektiöse Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems und der umgebenden Strukturen sind als lebensbedrohliche, wenn auch seltene Erkrankungen einzustufen. Die Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate hängt unter anderem von den beteiligten Kompartimenten ab. So kann zwischen einer Entzündung der Meningen, einem epiduralen Abszess (kranial und/oder spinal), dem subduralen Empyem sowie dem intrakraniellen Abszess unterschieden werden. Der intraventrikulär gelegene Abszess ist als prognostisch äußerst ungünstig anzusehen. Die Infektionen können sowohl von benachbarten Strukturen ausgehen (Sinusitis, Otitis media), hämatogen gestreut werden, nach einem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma oder auch nach einer Kraniotomie auftreten. Letzteres gilt es zu verhindern, unter anderem durch eine perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe, wenngleich dies auch in Fachkreisen kontrovers diskutiert wird.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Aggarwal M, Aggarwal KC, Aggarwal K, Aggarwal A (2011) Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess Masquerading as Spinal Tumor. Indian Pediatrics 48:973–974

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartt RE (2010) Cranial epidural abscess and subdural empyema. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol 96, Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System. Elsevier, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya M, Joshi N (2011) Spinal epidural abscess with myelitis and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a young child. J Spinal Cord Med 34(3):340–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bockova J, Rigamonti D (2000) Intracranial empyema. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19(8):735–737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonfield CM, Sharma J, Dobson S (2015) Pediatric intracranial abscesses. J Infect 71 (1):42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borte M (2013) Akute hämatogene Osteomyelitis und bakterielle Arthritis. Leitlinie der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Stand 01/2013. AWMF-Register-Nr. 027/054. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/027-054l_S1_Akute_h%C3%A4matogene_Osteomyelitis_bakterielle_Arthritis_2013-01.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Britt RH, Enzmann DR (1983) Clinical stages of human brain abscesses on serial CT scans after contrast infusion. J Neurosurg 59:972–989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodhun B, Altmann, D, Hauer B, Fiebig L, Haas W (2014) Bericht zur Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose in Deutschland für 2013. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin. http://www.rki.de/tuberkulose

    Google Scholar 

  • Broner FA, Garland DE, Zigler JE (1996) Spinal infections in the immunocompromised host. Orthop Clin North Am 27:37–46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brook I (2001) Two cases of Diskitis Attributable to Anaerobic Bacteria in Children. Pediatrics 107(2):E26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown R, Hussain M, McHugh K, Novelli V, Jones D (2001) Discitis in young children. J Bone Joint Surg Am: Vol. 83; 106–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cossu G, Farhane MA, Daniel RT, Messerer M (2014) Spinal epidural abscess from group A Streptococcus after varicella infection: a case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 30:2129–2133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt (2012) Impfstoff gegen Meningitis B effektiv. aerzteblatt.de, 19. Januar 2012. https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/48822

    Google Scholar 

  • Frazier JL, Ahn ES, Jallo GI (2008). Management of brain abscess in children. Neurosurg Focus 24(6):E8

    Google Scholar 

  • Fucs Moraes Barros PM, Meves R, Yamada HH (2012) Spinal infections in children: a review. Int Orthop 36:387–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garg M, Kumar S, Satija B, Gupta R (2012) Pediatric intervertebral disc calcification: A no tough lesion. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 3(1):23–25. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8237.110123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Germiller JA, Monin DL, Sparano AM, Tom LW (2006) Intracranial complications of sinusitis in children, adolescents and their outcomes. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132(9):969–976. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.132.9.969

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghia A, Proctor MR (2008) Infection of the Spinal Axis. In: Albright AL, Polleck IF, Adelson PD (Hrsg) Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2. Aufl. Thieme, New York, S 1197–1210

    Google Scholar 

  • Golzari SE, Ghabili K, Sajadi MM, Aslanabadi S (2013) Early descriptions of Grisel’s syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 29:359–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Vachhrajani S, Kulkarni A, Taylor MD, Dirks P, Drake JM, Rutka JT (2011) Neurosurgical management of extraaxial central nervous system infections in children. J Neurosurg Pediatrics 7:441–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins M, Bolton M (2013) Pediatric Spinal Epidural Abscess: a 9-Year Institutional Review and Review of the Literature. Pediatrics 132:e1680–e1685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heineman HS, Braude AI, Osterhlm JL (1971) Intracranial suppurative disease. Early presumtive diagnosis and successful treatment without surgery. JAMA 218:1542–1537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendaus MA (2013) Subdural Empyema in Children. Glob J Health Sci 5(6):54–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heran NS, Steinbok P, Cochrane DD (2003) Conservative Neurosurgical Management of Intracranial Epidural Abscess in Children. Neurosurgery 53(4):893–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery JA, John CC (2001) Spinal Epidural Abscess in Children: A 15-Year Experience and Review of the Literature. Clin Infect Dis 32:9–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanu OO, Ukponmwan E, Bankole O, Olatosi JO, Arigbabu SO (2011) Intracranial epidural abscess of odontogenic origin. J Neurosurg Pediatrics 7:311–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kastrup O, Wanke I, Mschke M (2005) Neuroimaging of Infections. NeuroRx 2:324–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kayser R, Mahlfeld K, Heyde CE, Graßhoff H, Mellerowicz H (2006) Tight hamstring syndome and extra- or intraspinal diseases in childhood: A multicenter study. Eur Spine J 15:403–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr DA, Ayetey H (2002) Immunpathogenese der akutenTransversen Myelitis. Lippincott Williams&Wilkins: 1350–7540

    Google Scholar 

  • Kombogiorgas D, Solanka GA (2006) The Pott puffy tumor revisited: neurosurgical implications of this unforgotten entity. J Neurosurg (2 Suppl Pediatrics) 105:143–149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan C, Kerr DA (2005) Idiopathic Transverse Myelitis. Arch Neurol 62:1111–1113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krzysztofiak A, Pagnotta G, Lancella L, Bozzola E, La Rosa G (2010) Linezolid therapy for pediatric thoracic spondylodiscitis due to Staphylococcus aureus species. Int J Infect Dis 14(Suppl 3):e205–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madkour MM (1989) Brucella Spondylitis. In: Brucellosis. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Muzumdar D, Jhawar S, Goel A (2011) Brain abscess: An overview. Int J Surg 9:136–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nozaki F, Kusunoki T, Tomoda Y, Hiejima I, Hayashi A, Kumada T, Miyajima T, Futami T, Fujii T (2013) Grisel syndrome as a complication of Kawasaki disease: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 172:119–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oram R (2006) Neurosurgical Infections. In: Frim DM, Gupta N (Hrsg) Pediatric Neurosurgery, Vademecum. Landes Bioscience, Texas, S 232–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Osiro S, Tiwari KJ, Matusz P, Gielecki J, Tubbs RS, Loukas M (2012) Grisel’s syndrome: a comprehensive review with focus on pathogenesis, natural history and current treatment options. Childs Nerv Syst 28:821–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel K, Clifford DB (2014) Bacterial Brain Abscess. Neurohospitalist 4(4):196–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathak A, Singh P, Gehlot P, Dhaneria M (2013) Spinal epidural abscess treated with antibiotics alone. BMJ Case Rep Published online: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-009285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandran TS, Ramachandran A (2014) intracranial epidural abscess, updated Nov 12, 2014. medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165292-overview

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich PM, Deasy NP, Jarosz JM (2000) Intracranial dural empyema. Br J Radiol 73:1329–1336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi A (2015) Pediatric Spinal Infection and Inflammation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 25(2):173–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu RN, Kumar R, Mahapatra AK (2009) Central nervous system infection in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Neurosci 4(1):20–24. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.49102

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler A, Thompson D, Goodrich JT, van Aalst J, Kolatch E, El Khashab M, Nejat F, Cornips E, Mohindra S, Gupta R, Yassari R, Daniels III LB, Biswas A, Abbott R (2013) Infections of the spinal subdural space in children: a series of 11 contemporary cases and review of all published reports. A multinational collaborative effort. Childs Nerv Syst 29:105–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheenhan JP, Jane JA, Ray DK, Goodkin HP (2008) Brain abscess in children. Neurosurg Focus 24(6):E6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solovic I, Jonsson J, Korzeniewska- Koseła M, Chiotan DI, Pace-Asciak A, Slump E, Rumetshofer R, Abubakar I, Kos S, Svetina-Sorli P, Haas W, Bauer T, Sandgren A, van der Werf MJ (2013) Challenges in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the European Union 2011. Euro Surveill 18 (12):pii=20432. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20432

  • Swischuk LE, Jubang M, Jadhav SP (2008) Calcific discitis in children: vertebral body involvement (possible insight into etiology). Emerg Radiol 15:427–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler M, Gabl M, Lechner R, Gstöttner M (2010) Severe kyphoscoliosis after primary Echinococcus granulosus infection of the spine. Eur Spine J 19:1415–1422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trebst C, Berthele A, Jarius S, Kümpfel T, Schippling S, Wildemann B, Wilke C (2010) Diagnostik und Therapie der Neuromyelitis optica; Konsensusempfehlungen der Neuromyelitis optica Studiengruppe. Nervenarzt 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Heuvel R, Hertel M, Gallagher J, Naidoo V (2012) A toddler who refused to stand or walk: lumbar spondylodiscitis. BMJ Case Reports. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-007007

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Babyn P, Branson H, Tran D, Davilla J, Mueller EL (2010) Utility of MRI in the follow-up of pyogenic spinal infection in children. Pediatr Radiol 40:118–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber J, Czarnetzki A, Spring A (2004) Paläopathologische Befunde der Wirbelsäule im frühen Mittelalter: Degenerative Veränderungen nicht häufiger als heutzutage. Dtsch Arztebl 101 (17):A-1162/B-958/C-934

    Google Scholar 

  • Weichert S, Christen HJ, Schroten H, Tenenbaum T, Adam R, Berger C, Rüggeberg J, Schaad UB (2013) Infektionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. In: DGPI Handbuch, 6. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 717–736

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigger D, Stange M (2011) Medikamente in der Pädiatrie. Urban & Fischer, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf VL, Lupo PJ, Lotze TE (2012) Pediatric Acute Transverse Myelitis Overview and Differential Diagnosis. J Child Neurol 27(11):1426–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong AM, Zimmermann RA, Simon EM, Pollock AN, Bilaniuk LT (2004) Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Subdural Empyemas in Children. Am J Neuroradiol 25:1016–1021

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu TJ, Chiu NC, Huang FY (2008) Subdural empyema in children – 20-year experience in a medical center. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 41:62–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurochirurgische Klinik und Ambulanz, Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Starkenburgring 66, Offenbach, 63069, Deutschland

    E. Januschek

Authors
  1. E. Januschek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Januschek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sektionsleiterin Pädiatrische Neurochirurgie, Neurochirurgische Klinik Universitätsklinikum, Heidelberg, Germany

    Heidi Bächli

  2. Universitätskinderklinik beider Basel (UKBB), Binningen, Switzerland

    Jürg Lütschg

  3. Chefärztin der Abteilung Kinderneurochirurgie Asklepios Kinderklinik, Sankt Augustin, Germany

    Martina Messing-Jünger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Januschek, E. (2018). Infektionen des ZNS und der umgebenden Strukturen bei Kindern. In: Bächli, H., Lütschg, J., Messing-Jünger, M. (eds) Pädiatrische Neurochirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48700-6_61

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48700-6_61

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-48699-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-48700-6

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation