Abstract
The main difficulty in dealing with the present subject lies in formulating and classifying the variables. Most cases of a structural element exposed to an external environment involve at least three simultaneous time varying factors — temperature, humidity and load — which, in view of the coupling between them and their interactive effect on the material, do not lend themselves to simple isolation or superposition.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
Water content.
- c :
-
Crack or flaw dimension, perpendicular to tensile stress direction.
- C m , C f :
-
Matrix and fiber volume contents respectively.
- α:
-
Coefficient of thermal expansion.
- α i :
-
Ratio of initial failure stress to the ultimate reference one.
- γ:
-
Specific surface energy.
- γ d :
-
Specific surface energy of dry glass surface.
- γ w :
-
Specific surface energy of wet glass surface (by water adsorbtion).
- E :
-
Tensile Youngs modulus.
- E f :
-
Fiber Youngs modulus.
- E m :
-
Matrix Youngs modulus.
- m :
-
Modular ratio.
- l, Δl :
-
Length and change of length respectively.
- W, ΔW :
-
Weight and change of weight respectively.
- t :
-
Time.
- T :
-
Temperature.
- σ:
-
Tensile stress.
- σ u :
-
Ultimate tensile stress.
- σ0 u :
-
Ultimate tensile stress of specimens stored and tested at reference environmental conditions (22 °C, 50% R.H.).
- σH :
-
Tensile stress applied during environmental-loading history.
- σH u :
-
Current tensile strength of specimens tested at their E.L.H. conditions.
- σH u :
-
Initial failure tensile stress, determined by onset of R.L.S. reduction.
- σd u :
-
Tensile strength of specimens at dry environment.
- σw u :
-
Tensile strength of specimens at humid, environment.
- σ uc :
-
Composite strength.
- σ uf , σ um :
-
Fiber and matrix strength respectively.
- ϱ:
-
Density.
- L :
-
Loading condition.
- W :
-
Cold water environment (R.T.)
- T :
-
Dry hot environment (80 °C).
- W+ T.:
-
Hot water environment (80 °C).
- W+L :
-
Loading at cold water environment (R.T.).
- W + L+ T :
-
Loading at hot water environment (80 °C).
- E.L.H.:
-
Environmental loading history.
- G.R.P.:
-
Glass reinforced plastics.
- C.L.S.:
-
Current longitudinal strength.
- R.L.S.:
-
Residual longitudinal strength.
- U.D.F.:
-
Unidirectional fabric laminate.
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Ishai, O., Mazor, A. (1975). The effect of environmental-loading history on longitudinal strength of glass-fiber reinforced plastics. In: Vallet, G., Meskat, W. (eds) Rheological Theories · Measuring Techniques in Rheology Test Methods in Rheology · Fractures Rheological Properties of Materials · Rheo-Optics · Biorheology. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-41458-3_131
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