Abstract
During the course of evolution progressive genetic deterioration occurred to the Y-chromosome. As a result, the Y-chromosome of placental mammals became a highly specialized male-determiner, having but one function namely to induce the indifferent embryonic gonad to develop as testis. The consequence of this specialization by the Y was that almost all of the original Mendelian genes which had been maintained by the X-chromosome, had to accommodate themselves to a hemizygous existence in the heterogametic male sex. The hemizygous existence for all the genes on the X should be very perilous since monosomy for even the smallest autosome (only one-fourth the size of the X) is apparently lethal in man.
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Ohno, S. (1966). The Basic Difference in Constitution between the Mammalian X and the Drosophila X. In: Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes. Monographs on Endocrinology, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88178-7_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88178-7_7
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