Zusammenfassung
Hormone sind stoffliche Faktoren, die im vielzelligen Organismus zur Übermittlung von Steuersignalen dienen. Sie sind sowohl für die Koordination von Stoffwechsel- und Entwicklungsprozessen als auch für die Übermittlung von Umweltreizen zuständig. Chemisch gesehen handelt es sich um eine heterogene Gruppe von niedermolekularen Substanzen, die sich in 9 Klassen einteilen läßt: 1.Auxin, 2.Gibberelline, 3.Cytokinine, 4.Abscisinsäure, 5.Ethylen, 6. Brassinosteroide, 7. Salicylsäure,8.Jasmonate, 9.Systemin. Mit Ausnahme des Systemins können diese Substanzen wahrscheinlich in allen höheren Pflanzen gebildet und für eine Vielzahl von Regulationsaufgaben in verschiedenen Stadien der Ontogenie eingesetzt werden. Sie aktivieren, nach Bindung an einen meist noch unbekannten Hormonreceptor in den kompetenten Zellen des Zielgewebes, eine oder mehrere Signaltransduktionsketten, welche zu spezifischen Hormonwirkungen führen,z.B.zum Öffnen von lonenkanälen oder zur Aktivierung der Transkription bestimmter Gene. Für die Aufklärung der Biosynthese, der Receptoren und der von den Receptoren aktivierten Signaltransduktions ketten werden heute oft Mutanten und genetisch transformierte Pflanzen eingesetzt. Die physiologische und molekularbiologische Analyse der hierbei erzeugten Eingriffe in die Bildung und Wirkung von Hormonen hat bereits zu wichtigen neuen Einsichten in ihren Wirkmechanismus geführt
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Schopfer, P., Brennicke, A. (1999). Physiologie der Hormonwirkungen. In: Pflanzenphysiologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87816-9_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87816-9_20
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