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Symbiotic Interaction Between Dinoflagellates and the Demosponge Lubomirskia baicalensis: Aquaporin-Mediated Glycerol Transport

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Biosilica in Evolution, Morphogenesis, and Nanobiotechnology

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((MMB,volume 47))

Abstract

Lake Baikal is rich in endemic sponge species, among them the arborescently growing species Lubomirskia baicalensis. During winter when the lake is covered by ice, this species reproduces sexually, reflecting a high metabolic activity. Throughout the year, L. baicalensis lives in association with dinoflagellates, which – according to the data presented herein – are symbiotic. The dinoflagellates have been determined on the basis of their rDNA/ITS characteristics and were found to display high sequence similarity to Gymnodinium sanguineum. The dinoflagellates give the sponge its characteristic green color, reflecting the high chlorophyll content (chlorophyll-a content in March and September of 3.2 ± 0.6 μg/g and 1.9 ± 0.5 μg/g of protein, respectively). With the in vitro cell culture system for sponges, the primmorphs, it could be demonstrated that [14C] glycerol is readily taken up by sponge cells; this process can be inhibited by phloretin, an aquaporin channel blocker. In order to prove the effect of cholesterol on the intermediate metabolism of the sponge cells, molecule probes, cDNAs for key enzymes in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and citric acid, have been applied in Northern blot studies. The data revealed that the genes coding for the enzymes citrate synthase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase are strongly upregulated after exposure of primmorphs to glycerol. This effect is abolished by phloretin. The genes encoding the phosphoglucose isomerase and pyruvate dehydrogenase do not respond to glycerol supply, suggesting that their expression is not under genetic control in L. baicalensis. To prove the assumption that the aquaporin channel is involved in the influx of glycerol in sponge cells, this cDNA was cloned and applied for in situ hybridization studies. The results obtained show that cells surrounding the dinoflagellates become brightly stained after hybridization with the aquaporin this probe. This demonstrates that L. baicalensis cells respond to glycerol, a metabolite which might be supplied by the dinoflagellates and imported via the aquaporin channel into the sponge cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory for Analytical/Bioorganic Chemistry, Ulan-Batorskaya 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

    Werner E. G. Müller, Sergey I. Belikov, Oxana V. Kaluzhnaya, L. Chernogor, Anatoli Krasko & Heinz C. Schröder

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  1. Werner E. G. Müller
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  2. Sergey I. Belikov
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  3. Oxana V. Kaluzhnaya
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  4. L. Chernogor
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  5. Anatoli Krasko
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  6. Heinz C. Schröder
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  1. Inst. Physiologische Chemie Abt. Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz, 55099, Germany

    Werner E. G. Müller

  2. Siberian Branch, Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya st. 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

    Mikhael A. Grachev

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Müller, W.E.G., Belikov, S.I., Kaluzhnaya, O.V., Chernogor, L., Krasko, A., Schröder, H.C. (2009). Symbiotic Interaction Between Dinoflagellates and the Demosponge Lubomirskia baicalensis: Aquaporin-Mediated Glycerol Transport. In: Müller, W.E.G., Grachev, M.A. (eds) Biosilica in Evolution, Morphogenesis, and Nanobiotechnology. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 47. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88552-8_6

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