Abstract
This study is motivated by the authors’ interest in developing a needle-free powdered vaccine delivery device, the Epidermal Powdered Injection system(EPI). The behaviour of a supersonic jet, which accelerates powdered vaccines in micro-form to a sufficient momentum to penetrate the outer layer of human skin or mucosal tissue, is therefore of great importance. In this paper, a well established Modified Implicit Flux Vector Splitting (MIFVS) solver for the Navier-Stokes equations is extended to numerically study the transient supersonic jet flows of interest. A low Reynolds number k−ε turbulence model, with the compressibility effect considered, is integrated into MIFVS solver to the prediction of the turbulent structures and interactions with inherent shock systems. The results for the NASA validation case NPARC, Contoured Shock Tube and Venturi of EPI system are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
B.J. Bellhouse, D.F. Sarphie, J.C. Greenford: Needless Syringe Using Supersonic Gas Flow for Particle Delivery. Int. Patent W094/24263 (1994)
Y. Liu: Numerical Method of Three-Dimensional Viscous Flow in Turbomachinery Multistage Environment. Ph.D Thesis, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China (1996)
Y. Liu, C.H. Choi, J.Y. Yoo: ‘Investigation of Shock/Boundary Layer Interaction by Using MIFVS Methods’. In: Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotation Machinery, Honolulu USA, 1998, pp. 1234–1243
Y. Liu, M.A.F. Kendall, B.J. Bellhouse: ‘An Efficient Implicit Finite Difference Scheme for Transonic Flow’. In: 32nd AI A A Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2002. AIA 2002-2955
K.Y. Chien: Predictions of channel and boundary layer flows with lower-reynolds-number turbulence model. AIAA Joural 20(1), (1982)
S. Sarkar, G. Erlebacher, M.Y. Hussaini and H.O. Kreiss: The analysis and modelling of dilational terms in compressible turbulence. Joural of Fluid Mechanics 227, 473 (1991)
R.M. Beam, R.F. Warming: An implicit factored scheme for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. AIAA Joural 16(4), (1978)
J.L. Steger, R.F. Warming: Flux vector splitting of the inviscid gasdynamic equations with application to finite-difference methods. Joural of Computational Physics 40, (1981)
J.M. Eggers: Velocity profiles and eddy viscosity distributions downstream of a Mach 2.22 nozzle exhausting to quiescent air. NASA TN D-3601 (1966)
M.A.F. Kendall: The delivery of particales vaccines and drugs to human skin with a practical, hand-held shock tube-based system. Shock Waves 12(1), (2002)
G. Costigan, Y. Liu, G.L. Brown, F.V. Carter and B.J. Bellhouse: ‘Evolution of the Design of Venturi Devices for the Delivery of Dry Particles to Skin or Mucosal Tissue’. In: Proceedings of 24th International Sympium on Shock Waves, Beijing, China, 2003
A. Brandt: Multi-level adaptive solutions to boundary-value problems. Mathematics of Computation 31(138), 333 (1977)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, Y., Kendall, M.A.F., Costigan, G., Bellhouse, B.J. (2005). Prediction of jet flows from the axisymmetric supersonic nozzle. In: Jiang, Z. (eds) Shock Waves. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27009-6_177
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27009-6_177
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22497-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-27009-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)