Abstract
This chapter first offers a quick background into water-related extremes and climate change-related problems in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). This introduction is followed by a brief description of the responsibilities in water management at state and federal state level as well as at the municipal level to guide readers who are not familiar with water management structures in Germany. Subsequently, the chapter draws attention to the roles of urban drainage and urban planning in terms of rainwater disposal and flood protection in the context of the responsibilities for municipal provision of basic services. The need for an integrated approach for rainwater management is highlighted. The introductory chapter into the German cases concludes with a summary of recent efforts in urban resilience and an understanding of the term “resilience” in Germany.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Association of Drinking Water from Reservoirs (ATT), German Association of Energy and Water Industries (BDEW), German Alliance of Water Management Associations (DBVW), German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW), German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (DWA), & German Association of Local Utilities (VKU). (2015). Profile of the German Water Section 2015. Bonn: wvgw Wirtschafts- und Verlagsgesellschaft Gas und Wasser mbH.
Benden, J. (2014). Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Mitbenutzung von Verkehrsflächen zum Überflutungsschutz bei Starkregenereignissen. Berichte des Instituts für Stadtbauwesen und Stadtverkehr der RWTH Aachen University: Vol. 57. Aachen: Institut für Stadtbauwesen und Stadtverkehr, RWTH Aachen University.
Breyer, P., Gehrmann, J., Grothues, E., Hädicke, A., Höke, S., König, H., … Ziegler, C. (2016). Klimawandel und Klimafolgen in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Ergebnisse aus den Monitoringprogrammen 2016. LANUV-Fachbericht 74. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from https://www.lanuv.nrw.de/uploads/tx_commercedownloads/fabe74_01.pdf.
Burby, R. J. (1998). Natural hazards and land use: An introduction. In R. J. Burby (Ed.), Natural hazards and disasters. Cooperating with nature: Confronting natural hazards with land use planning for sustainable communities (pp. 1–26). Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
Buth, M., Kahlenborn, W., Savelsberg, J., Becker, N., Bubeck, P., Kabisch, S., … Kofler, C. (2015). Germany’s vulnerability to climate change: Summary. Retrieved June 11, 2018, from https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/climate_change_24_2015_summary_vulnerabilitaet_deutschlands_gegenueber_dem_klimawandel_2.pdf.
City of Solingen, the Mayor, Department for Cadastral Surveying and Land Registry. (2018). Topographical map of the Bergisch Tri-City Area. Issue: 2012–2017. Spatial base data: Land NRW, Bonn, No. 2010/22340, Data licence Germany – attribution – Version 2.0 (https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0).
Cologne Drainage Utility (StEB Köln), & City of Cologne. (2017). Leitfaden für eine wassersensible Stadt- und Freiraumgestaltung in Köln. Retrieved June 20, 2018, from https://www.steb-koeln.de/Redaktionell/ABLAGE/Downloads/Brosch%C3%BCren-Ver%C3%B6ffentlichungen/Geb%C3%A4udeschutz/FirstSpirit_1489560439762LeitfadenPlanung_ES_140217_web.pdf.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). (2011). Adaptation Action Plan of the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change: Adopted by the German Federal Cabinet on 31st August 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2018, from http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/aktionsplan_anpassung_klimawandel_en_bf.pdf.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). (2013). Water Resource Management in Germany: Part 1−Fundamentals. Retrieved June 8, 2018, from https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/wawi_teil_01_englisch_barrierefrei.pdf.
Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. (2018). NRW kompakt | Das Landesportal Wir in NRW. Retrieved June 12, 2018, from https://www.land.nrw/de/nrw-kompakt.
Federal Statistical Office (Destatis). (2018). Fläche der deutschen Bundesländer (in Quadratkilometern) zum 31. Dezember 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2018, from https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/154868/umfrage/flaeche-der-deutschen-bundeslaender/.
Fekkak, M., Fleischhauer, M., Greiving, S., Lucas, R., Schinkel, J., & von Winterfeld, U. (2016). Resiliente Stadt - Zukunftsstadt: Forschungsgutachten. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/6614/file/6614_Resiliente_Stadt.pdf.
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. (2015). Merkblatt für eine wassersensible Stadt- und Freiraumgestaltung: Empfehlungen und Hinweise für eine zukunftsfähige Regenwasserbewirtschaftung und eine Überflutungsvorsorge bei extremen Regenereignissen in Bremen. Retrieved June 22, 2018, from http://www.klas-bremen.de/sixcms/media.php/13/Merkblatt%20wassersensible%20Gestaltung%20Bremen_Druck.pdf.
Funke, F., & Hofmann, P. (2004). Notwendigkeit, Inhalt und Vergütung von Generalentwässerungsplänen. Geschäftsbericht 2004. Retrieved April 6, 2016, from http://www.bkpv.de/ver/pdf/gb2004/funke_hofmann.pdf.
German Federal Government. (2008). Deutsche Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel: vom Bundeskabinett am 17. Dezember 2008 beschlossen. Retrieved June 11, 2018, from http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/das_gesamt_bf.pdf.
German Federal Government. (2015). Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung: Leitlinien der Bundesregierung zur internationalen Zusammenarbeit für nachhaltige Urbanisierung - Partner in einer Welt der Städte. Drucksache, 18/4924. Retrieved June 28, 2018, from http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/049/1804924.pdf.
Godschalk, D. R. (2003). Urban hazard mitigation: Creating resilient cities. Natural Hazards Review, 4(3), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(136).
Godschalk, D. R., Kaiser, E. J., & Berke, P. (1998). Integrating hazard mitigation and local land use planning. In R. J. Burby (Ed.), Natural hazards and disasters. Cooperating with nature: Confronting natural hazards with land use planning for sustainable communities (pp. 85–118). Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
Greiving, S. (2006). What are the real needs of spatial planning for dealing with natural hazards? In M. Fleischhauer, S. Greiving, & S. Wanczura (Eds.), Natural hazards and spatial planning in Europe: ARMONIA; [research project “Applied multi-risk mapping of natural hazards for impact assessment”] (pp. 185–202). Dortmund: Dortmunder Vertrieb für Bau- u. Planungsliteratur.
Grigg, N. S. (1999). Integrated water resources management: Who should lead, who should pay? Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(3), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03609.x.
Grigg, N. S. (2011). Water governance: From ideals to effective strategies. Water International, 36(7), 799–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.617671.
Hoyer, J., Dickhaut, W., Kronawitter, L., & Weber, B. (2011). Water sensitive urban design: Principles and inspiration for sustainable stormwater management in the city of the future. Berlin: Jovis.
Institute of Urban and Transport Planning (ISB). (2013). Klimaschutzteilkonzept “Anpassung an den Klimawandel für die Städte Solingen und Remscheid”: Endbericht. Aachen. Retrieved June 22, 2018, from https://digital.zlb.de/viewer/rest/image/15777434/1.31.5_Konzept_Anpassungsstrategie_RS_SG.pdf/full/max/0/1.31.5_Konzept_Anpassungsstrategie_RS_SG.pdf.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Ed.). (2007). Climate Change 2007—The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 12, 2016, from https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srex/SREX_Full_Report.pdf.
Köppen, W. (1936). Das geographische System der Klimate (Band I, Teil C). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.
Kopperschmidt, T. (2016a). Am Limit der Leistungsfähigkeit. 16. Göttinger Abwassertage: Aus der Praxis für die Praxis. 23.-24. Februar 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2018, from https://www.ta-hannover.de/newsletter/2016/07_16/kopperschmidt.pdf.
Kopperschmidt, T. (2016b). Starkregen – Solingen passt sich an. BWK-NRW Fortbildungsveranstaltung “Starkregen - Aktuelle Entwicklung und Handlungsoptionen”. Retrieved June 19, 2018, from http://www.bwk-nrw.de/aktuelles/downloads/20161109_Kopperschmidt.pdf.
Kraemer, R. A., Pielen, B., & de Roo, C. (2007). Regulation of Water Supply in Germany. CESifo DICE Report, 5(2), 21–26. Retrieved June 11, 2018, from http://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/dicereport207-forum4.pdf.
Kruse, E. (2015). Integriertes Regenwassermanagement für den wassersensiblen Umbau von Städten: Großräumige Gestaltungsstrategien, Planungsinstrumente und Arbeitsschritte für die Qualifizierung innerstädtischer Bestandsquartiere. Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verl.
Kruse, E., Hoyer, J., & Dickhaut, W. (2011). Wassersensible Stadtentwicklung: Beispiele aus Deutschland. In J. Pinnekamp (Ed.), Aachener Schriften zur Stadtentwässerung: Vol. 15. 12. Kölner Kanal- und Kläranlagen-Kolloquium: 13. und 14. Oktober 2011 im Maternushaus, Köln. Aachen: Ges. zur Förderung der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft an der RWTH Aachen e.V.
Lerer, S., Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., & Mikkelsen, P. (2015). A mapping of tools for informing water sensitive urban design planning decisions—Questions, aspects and context sensitivity. Water, 7(12), 993–1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7030993.
Ministry for Building, Housing, Urban Development and Transport of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MBWSV), & Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MKULNV). (2016). Konzept Starkregen NRW. Retrieved June 28, 2018, from https://www.umwelt.nrw.de/fileadmin/redaktion/PDFs/klima/starkregen_konzept.pdf.
Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MKULNV). (2015). Klimaschutzplan Nordrhein-Westfalen: Klimaschutz und Klimafolgenanpassung. Retrieved June 28, 2018, from https://www.umwelt.nrw.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Broschueren/klimaschutzbericht_nrw_151201.pdf.
Pahl-Weber, E., & Henckel, D. (2008). The planning system and planning terms in Germany: A glossary. Studies in Spatial Development: Vol. 7. Hannover: Verl. der ARL.
Pahl-Wostl, C., Sendzimir, J., Jeffrey, P., Aerts, J., Berkamp, G., & Cross, K. (2007). Managing change toward adaptive water management through social learning. Ecology and Society, 12(2) [online]. Retrieved June 14, 2018, from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art30/.
Prenger-Berninghoff, K., Neht, A., & Vallée, D. (2017). Klimaanpassung im Bergischen Städtedreieck. In H. Schmitt, R. Danielzyk, S. Greiving, D. Gruehn, N. X. Thinh, & B. Warner (Eds.), Raummuster: Struktur - Dynamik - Planung (1st ed., pp. 317–334). Essen: Klartext.
Schmidt, M. (2014). Regional governance vis-a-vis water supply and wastewater disposal: Research and applied science in two disconnected fields. Water International, 39(6), 826–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2014.958796.
Sharma, A., Pezzaniti, D., Myers, B., Cook, S., Tjandraatmadja, G., Chacko, P., … Walton, A. (2016). Water sensitive urban design: An investigation of current systems, implementation drivers, community perceptions and potential to supplement urban water services. Water, 8(7), 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070272.
Tappeser, V., Weiss, D., & Kahlenborn, W. (2017). Nachhaltigkeit 2.0 – Modernisierungsansätze zum Leitbild der nachhaltigen Entwicklung: Diskurs Vulnerabilität und Resilienz. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/2017-11-02_texte_91-2017_nachhaltigkeit-2-0_diskurs-vulnerabilitaet.pdf.
Wackerbauer, J. (2007). Struktur- und Entwicklungsperspektiven der deutschen Wasserwirtschaft. ifo Schnelldienst, 60(1), 14–25. Retrieved June 12, 2018, from https://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/ifosd_2007_1_2.pdf.
Winnegge, R., & Maurer, T. (2002). Water resources management: Country profile Germany. Report No. 27. A contribution to the Global Water Information Network. Retrieved June 8, 2018, from http://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/02_srvcs/24_rprtsrs/report_27.pdf?__blob=publicationFile.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sprague, T., Prenger-Berninghoff, K. (2019). Introduction to German Cases. In: Building Resilience and Planning for Extreme Water-Related Events. Palgrave Studies in Climate Resilient Societies. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99744-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99744-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99743-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99744-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)