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1946: A Turning Point in the Growth of Scholarly Publishing

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The Growth of the Scholarly Publishing Industry in the U.S.

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Abstract

After the war ended, the U.S. was the global center of higher education and the military and financial power in the world. This chapter outlines the G.I. Bill’s impact on higher education and scholarly publishing, which was monumental: enrollments surged, libraries expanded, and there was a pressing need to provide more scholarly books and journals for faculty, students, and libraries here and abroad. Dynamic managerial and marketing strategies were created, setting the state for growth. Truman signed the Atomic Energy Act creating the Atomic Energy Commission that impacted research for decades.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Gary Richardson. “Federal Reserve’s Role During World War II;” Federal Reserve History; http://www.federalreservehistory.org//Events/PrintView/75

  2. 2.

    U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Consumer Spending in World War II: The Forgotten Consumer Expenditure Surveys;” Monthly Labor Review, August 2015; https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2015/article/consumer-spending-in-world-war-ii-the-forgotten-consumer-expenditure-surveys.htm

  3. 3.

    John Sumner. “The Disposition of Surplus War Property,” American Economic Review 34, 3(September 1944): 457–471. Milton Derber. “The War Labor Board: An experiment in Wage Stabilization—Comment,” American Economic Review 34, 3(September 1944): 572–575. Edward D. Allen. “Treasury Tax Policies in 1943,” American Economic Review 34, 3(September 1944): 707–733. Harry Henig. “Wage Control in Wartime and Transition,” American Economic Review 35, 3(June 1945): 319–336. Melvin G. De Chazeau. “Employment Policy and Organization of Industry After the War,” American Economic Review 35, 4(September 1945): 629–639. Richard B. Heflebower. “The Effects of the War on the Structure of Commodity and Labor Markets,” American Economic Review 36, 2(May 1946): 52–64. Ralph H. Blodgett. “The Impact of Total War,” American Economic Review 36, 2(May 1946): 126–138. Clark Warburton. “A Suggestion for Post-War Taxes,” American Economic Review 36, 5(December 1946): 882–891.

  4. 4.

    Charles L. Scudder, M.D. “How to Improve the Treatment of Fractures,” The New England Journal of Medicine 230, 2(January 13, 1944): 31–33.non P. Williams, M.D. “Psychiatry,” The New England Journal of Medicine 230, 10(March 30, 1944): 382–385. Howard Fox. “Tropical Diseases of the Skin,” The New England Journal of Medicine 231, 36(October 5, 1944): 482–485.

  5. 5.

    Dr. Samuel A. Stouffer. “The American Soldier in World War II: Attitudes Toward Demobilization,” The War Department, Research Branch, Information and Education Division, August 1944; https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/CFIDE/cf/action/catalog/abstract.cfm?type=&start=&id=&archno=USAMS1944-S145&abstract=. Dr. Samuel A. Stouffer. “The American Soldier in World War II: B-29 Officers and Enlisted Men—Part F.” The War Department, Research Branch, Information and Education Division, May 1945; https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/CFIDE/cf/action/catalog/abstract.cfm?type=&start=&id=&archno=USAMS1945-S235&abstract=. Dr. Samuel A. Stouffer. “The American Soldier in World War II: Redeployment and Demobilization—Part C.” The War Department, Research Branch, Information and Education Division, July 1945; https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/CFIDE/cf/action/catalog/abstract.cfm?type=&start=&id=&archno=USAMS1945-S219C&abstract=. Dr. Samuel A. Stouffer. “The American Soldier in World War II: Attitudes Toward Post Hostilities Problems,” The War Department, Research Branch, Information and Education Division, August 1945; https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/CFIDE/cf/action/catalog/abstract.cfm?type=&start=&id=&archno=USAMS1945-S235&abstract=.

  6. 6.

    The International Monetary Fund. “The Post War World;” https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/center/mm/eng/mm_dr_01.htm

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    Association of University Presses (AUP). “Association History;” http://www.aupresses.org/about-aaup/history. Also see Joseph S. Meisel. “American University Presses, 1929–1979: Adaptation and Evolution,” Book History 13(2010): 129. John Tebbel. Between Covers: The Rise and Transformation of American Book Publishing (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), pages 337–407.

  9. 9.

    August Fruge. A Skeptic Among Scholars: August Fruge on Scholarly Publishing (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), page 35.

  10. 10.

    Rutgers University Press. “Mission and History;” https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/mission

  11. 11.

    Princeton University Press. “A History of Princeton University Press;” https://press.princeton.edu/about_pup/puphist.html

  12. 12.

    The American Philosophical Society. “Publications;” https://www.amphilsoc.org/publications

  13. 13.

    Robert W. Frase. “Economic Development in Publishing;” http://www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jessionid=35CC17B80A1E82ACDEBE11D64DA85160?DOI=10.1.1.557.1065&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  14. 14.

    Michael Mabe. “The Growth and Number of Journals,” Serials 16, 2(July 2003): 194.

  15. 15.

    Donald W. King, Dennis D. McDonald, and Nancy K. Roderer. Scientific Journals in the United States: Their Production, Use, and Economics. (East Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, a division of Academic Press, 1981), page 319.

  16. 16.

    Ben Mudrak. “Scholarly Publishing: A Brief History;” https://www.aje.com/en/arc/scholarly-publishing-brief-history

  17. 17.

    Hendrik Edelman. “The Growth of Scholarly and Scientific Libraries,” in Scholarly Publishing: Books, Journals, Publishers, and Libraries in the Twentieth Century, ed. Richard E. Abel and Lyman W. Newlin (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002), page 196.

  18. 18.

    National Science Board. Science at the Bicentennial: A Report from the Research Community (Washington, DC: National Science Board, 1976), pages 9, 10.

    Also see Library of Congress. Technical Reports and Standards. “The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) Collection;” https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/trs/trsosrd.html. Also see National Archives, Record Group 227. “Records of the Office of Scientific Research and Development;” https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/227.html

  19. 19.

    Steve Blank. “The Endless Frontier: U.S. Science and National Industrial Policy;” http://blogs.berkeley.edu/2013/01/14-the-endless-frontier-u-s-science-and-national-industrial-policy-part-a

  20. 20.

    Thomas C. Lassman. Sources of Weapon Systems Innovation in the Department of Defense: the Role of In-House Research and Development (Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 2008), pages 3, 4, 5.

  21. 21.

    Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (Public Law 585, 79th Congress); https://science.energy.gov/~/media/bes/pdf/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946.pdf. Also see National Science Foundation. “The National Science Foundation: A Brief History;” https://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf50/nsf8816.jsp

  22. 22.

    U.S. Department of Energy, Office of History and Heritage Research. “The Cold War;” https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1945-present/cold_war.htm

  23. 23.

    Peter Drucker. Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), pages 1–48. Alfred Chandler. Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995), pages 19–51. This book was originally published in 1962. Michael Porter. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competition (New York: Free Press, 1980), pages 3–46; also see Porter’s “The Five Forces That Shape Strategy,” Harvard Business Review 86, 1(January 2008): 78–93. Ted Levitt. “Marketing Myopia,” Harvard Business Review 82, 7/8(July–August 2004): 138–142. W. Chan Kim & Renee Mauborgne. Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant (Cambridge: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), pages 44–84.

  24. 24.

    Harry S. Truman. “Proclamation 2714—Cessation of Hostilities of World War II;” December 31, 1946; http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=12571

  25. 25.

    U.S. Office of the Copyright. “Copyright law of the United States;” www.copyright.gov/title 17

  26. 26.

    Alex Wellerstein. “A Tale of Openness and Secrecy: The Philadelphia Story,” Physics Today 65, 5(2012): 48.

  27. 27.

    Henry DeWolf Smyth. Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: The Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb Under the Auspices of the United States Government; a Kindle Edition; $1.99.

  28. 28.

    Rajendrani Mukhopadhyay. “The Rise of Instruments During World War II,” Analytical Chemistry 80, 15(2008): 5684–5691.

  29. 29.

    Harvard University Press. “A Brief History of Harvard University Press;” http://www.hup.harvard.edu/about/history.html

  30. 30.

    Robert Pranzatelli. “A Brief History of Yale University Press;” https://yalebooks.yale.edu/brief-history-yale-university-press

  31. 31.

    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. “John Wiley & Sons: 200 Years of Publishing;” https://www.wiley.com/legacy/about/grolierexhibit.htm

  32. 32.

    American Medical Association, “AMA History;” https://www.ama-assn.org/ama-history. Also see John Tebbel. A History of Book Publishing in the United States, Vol IV: the Great Change 1940–1980 (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1981), pages 546–588, 929–694.

  33. 33.

    RELX Group. Annual reports and Financial Statements 2017; https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/reports/annual-reports/relx2017-annual-report.pdf

  34. 34.

    David C. Cassidy. A Short History of Physics in the American Century (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011), pages 24–179.

  35. 35.

    C.P. Snow. The Two Cultures: And A Second Look (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1965), pages 31–55.

  36. 36.

    Lawrence M. Krauss. “An Update on C.P Snow’s ‘Two Cultures’.”

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  1. Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA

    Albert N. Greco

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Greco, A.N. (2019). 1946: A Turning Point in the Growth of Scholarly Publishing. In: The Growth of the Scholarly Publishing Industry in the U.S.. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99549-6_5

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