Skip to main content

An Overview of Global Health for the Healthcare Professional

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1028 Accesses

Abstract

As the world continues to become more connected by technology, commerce, and international travel, it is critical for all healthcare professionals to understand the growing role of global health and to learn from this dynamic field. The definition of “global health” continues to evolve as new challenges, regulations, and innovations are constantly emerging which may add new dimensions (and solutions) to already complex health and social issues around the world. Healthcare professionals with this interest may look for opportunities to study these issues formally in master’s degree or certificates in global health, to see how their research could impact global populations, and to work abroad on the ground. This chapter is designed to give a general overview of the key components of global health and the important aspects of this field to consider when looking at a practice and career in global health.

Global health is an attitude. It is a way of looking at the world. It is about the universal nature of our human predicament. It is a statement about our commitment to health as a fundamental quality of liberty and equity. – Richard Horton, The Lancet

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Martiniuk ALC, Manouchehrian M, Negin JA, Zwi AB. Brain gains: a literature review of medical missions to low and middle-income countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Eusebio C, Kuper H, Polack S, Enconado J, Tongson N, Dionio D, et al. Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Negros Island and Antique District, Philippines. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(12):1588–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Venkatesh R, Muralikrishnan R, Balent LC, Prakash SK, Prajna NV. Outcome of high volume cataract surgeries in a developing country. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(9):1079–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hutton DW, Le H-G, Aravind S, Ravindran RD, Aravind H, Ravilla T, et al. The cost of cataract surgery at the Aravind eye hospital. India IOVS. 2014;55(13):1289.

    Google Scholar 

  5. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. International decade for action: ‘Water for Life’ 2005–2015; 2014. http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/africa.shtml.

  6. Obiols AL, Erpf K. Mission report on the evaluation of the PlayPumps installed in Mozambique. [Internet] 29 April 2008. Available from:https://www-tc.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/southernafrica904/flash/pdf/mozambique_report.pdf.

  7. Frontline. Troubled Water. [Internet] Available from: http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/southernafrica904/video_index.html.

  8. Chambers A. Africa’s not-so-magic roundabout. [Internet] 24 Nov 2009. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/nov/24/africa-charity-water-pumps-roundabouts.

  9. Population Education & Health Research Center Ltd. Nepal population report 2016. http://www.mope.gov.np/downloadfile/Nepal%20Population%20Report%202016_1481259851.pdf.

  10. Paudel R, Upadhyaya T, Pahari DP. People’s perspective on access to healthcare service in a rural district of Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2012;52(185):20–4.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Weiss DJ, Nelson A, Gibson HS, Temperley W, Peedell S, Lieber A, et al. A global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015. Nature. 2018;553:333–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kukla M, McKay N, Rheingans R, Harman J, Schumacher J, Kotloff KL, et al. The effect of costs on Kenyan households’ demand for medical care: why time and distance matter. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(10):1397–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Muro F, Meta J, Renju J, Mushi A, Mabakilwa H, Olomi R, et al. “It is good to take her early to the doctor” – mother’s understanding of childhood pneumonia symptoms and healthcare seeking in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2017;17:27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Corsi DJ, Bassani DG, Kumar R, Awasthi S, Jotkar R, Kaur N, et al. Gender inequity and age-appropriate immunization coverage in India from 1992 to 2006. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009;9(Suppl 1):S3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bonu S, Rani M, Baker TD. The impact of the national polio immunization campaign on levels and equity in immunization coverage: evidence from rural North India. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57:1807–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lewallen S, Courtright P. Gender and use of cataract surgical services in developing countries. Bull World Health Org. 2002;80:300–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stevens GA, White RA, Flaxman ST, Price H, Jonas JB, Keeffe J, et al. Global prevalence of vision impairment and blindness: magnitude and temporal trends, 1990-2010. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:2377–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Reddy PA, Kishiki EA, Thapa HB, Demers L, Geneau R, Bassett K. Interventions to improve utilization of cataract surgical services by girls: case study from Asia and Africa. Ophthalmol Epidemiol. 2018;25(3):199–206. Epub 2017 Nov 10.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chol C, Hunter C, Debru B, Haile B, Negin J, Cumming RG. Stakeholder’s perspectives on facilitators of and barriers to the utilisation of and access to maternal health services in Eritrea: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18:35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Escamilla V, Calhoun L, Winston J, Speizer IS. The role of distance and quality on facility selection for maternal and child health services in urban Kenya. J Urban Health. 2018;95(1):1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Maketa V, Vuna M, Baloji S, Lubanza S, Hendrickx D, Inocencio da Luz RA, et al. Perception of health, healthcare and community-oriented health interventions in poor urban communities of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e84314.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fink AJ. A possible explanation for heterosexual male infection with AIDS. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:1167.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sharma SC, Raison N, Khan S, Shabbir M, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. Male circumcision for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition: a meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2018;121(4):515–26. Epub 2018 Jan 29.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). On the fast-track to end AIDS. Geneva, Switzerland. UNAIDS; 2015. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/20151027_UNAIDS_PCB37_15_18_EN_rev1.pdf.

  25. Hines JZ, Ntsuape OC, Malaba K, Zegeye R, Serrem K, Odoyo-June E, et al. Scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision services for HIV prevention – 12 countries in southern and eastern Africa, 2013-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(47):1285–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Maibvise C, Mavundla TR. Reasons for the low uptake of adult male circumcision for the prevention of HIV transmission in Swaziland. J AIDS Res. 2014;13(3):281–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, Lipsitz SR, Breizat A-HS, Dellinger P, et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:491–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Farmer PE, Kim JY. Surgery and global health: a view from beyond the OR. World J Surg. 2008;32(4):533–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. USAID. Indicators and calculating coverage indicators. [Internet] Available from: https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/training/capacity-building-resources/m-e-of-malaria-programs-1/session-7-indicators/view.

  30. Malaria Consortium. Final report of the external evaluation of Roll Back Malaria. November 2002. [Internet] Available from: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pcaab382.pdf.

  31. Ye Y, Eisele TP, Eckert E, Korenromp E, Shah JA, Hershey CL, et al. Framework for evaluating the health impact of the scale-up of malaria control interventions on all-cause child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(Suppl 3):9–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kasili EG. Malnutrition and infection as causes of childhood anemia in tropical Africa. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1990;12(3):375–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. USAID. Local systems: a framework for supporting sustained development. 2014. Available from: https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/LocalSystemsFramework.pdf.

  34. Fagan T, Wu Z. Sustainable HIV financing in Zambia: baseline analysis and prospects for new domestic resource mobilization. Washington, DC: Palladium, Health Policy Project; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Seva Foundation. History: celebrating nearly 40 years of service. [Internet] Available from: http://www.seva.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about/history#.

  36. Natchiar G, Tulasiraj RD, Sundaram RM. Cataract surgery at Aravind Eye Hospitals: 1988–2008. Comm Eye Health J. 2008;21(67):40–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Madhavan N. Aurolab: eyeing success. Business Today. July 7, 2013. Available from: http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/special/innovation-special-aurolab-eye-care/story/195886.html.

  38. Yang A, Farmer P, McGahan AM. “Sustainability” in global health. Glob Public Health. 2010;5(2):129–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Courtright P, Mathenge W, Kello AB, Cook C, Kalua K, Lewallen S. Setting targets for human resources for eye health in sub-Saharan Africa: what evidence should be used? Hum Resour Health. 2016;14:11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Nkhata MJ, Muzambi M, Ford D, Chan AK, Abongomera G, Namrata H, et al. Shifting human resources for health in the context of ART provision: qualitative and quantitative findings from the Lablite baseline study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Immelt JR, Govindarajan V, Trimble C. How GE is disrupting itself. Harv Bus Rev. 2009;87:56–65.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Shubber Z, Mills EJ, Nachega JB, Vreeman R, Freitas M, Bock P, et al. Patient-reported barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13(11):e1002183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Rich ML, Miller AC, Niyigena P, Franke MF, Niyonzima JB, Socci A, et al. Excellent clinical outcomes and high retention in care among adults in a community-based HIV treatment program in rural Rwanda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;59(3):e35–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Mills EJ, Nachega JB, Buchan I, Orbinski J, Attran A, Singh S, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa and North America. JAMA. 2006;296(6):679–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Behforouz HL. Bridging the gap: a community health program saves lives, then closed its doors. Health Aff. 2014;33(11):2064–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Beaglehole R, Bonita R. What is global health? Glob Health Action. 2010;3:5142–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. De Cock KM, Simone PM, Davison V, Slutsker L. The new global health. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(8):1192–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Berlinguer G. Globalization and global health. Int J Health Serv. 1999;29(3):579–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Koplan JP, Bond TC, Merson MH, Reddy KS, Rodriguez MH, Sewankambo NK, et al. Towards a common definition of global health. Lancet. 2009;373(9679):1993–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interest

Dr. Vivian T. Yin is a consultant for Genentech Inc. and Merz Pharmaceuticals.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Yin, V.T., Cherwek, D.H. (2019). An Overview of Global Health for the Healthcare Professional. In: Olivier, M., Croteau-Chonka, C. (eds) Global Health and Volunteering Beyond Borders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98660-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98660-9_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98659-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98660-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics