Abstract
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors are clinically challenging to detect and are often found incidentally or with metastatic disease. Specific imaging is used to detect and localize these tumors, and biochemical tests can be used to help identify patients at risk of a carcinoid crisis. Treatment is often multimodal and is determined by tissue differentiation and Ki-67 index.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Strosberg JR, Weber JM, Feldman M, et al. Prognostic validity of the American Joint Committee on cancer staging classification for midgut neuroendocrine tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:420–5.
Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:61–72.
Hallet J, Law CHL, Cukier M, et al. Exploring the risking incidence of neuroendocrine tumors: a population-based analysis of epidemiology, metastatic presentation, and outcomes. Cancer. 2015;121:589–97.
Pape UF, Berndt U, Muller-Nordhorn J. Prognostic factors of long-term outcome in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008;15:183–97.
Raphael MJ, Chan DL, Law C, et al. Principles of diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors. CMAJ. 2017;189:E398–404.
Onaitis MW, Kirshbom PM, Hayward TZ, et al. Gastrointestinal carcinoids: characteristics by site of origin and hormone production. Ann Surg. 2000;232:549–56.
Grimaldi F, Fazio N, Attanasio R, et al. Italian Association of Clinical endocrinologists (AME) position statement: a stepwise clinical approach to the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Endocrinol Investig. 2014;37:875–909.
Stridsberg M, Eriksson B, Oberg K, et al. A comparison between three commercial kits for chromogranin a measurements. J Endocinol. 2003;177:337–41.
Singh S, Law C. Chromogranin a: a sensitive biomarker for the detection and post-treatment monitoring of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;6:313–34.
Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Martinetti A, et al. Chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase, carinoembryonic antigen, and hydroxyindole acetic acid evaluation in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer. 1999;86:858–65.
Woltering EA, Wright AE, Stevens MA, et al. Development of effective prophylaxis against intraoperative carcinoid crisis. J Clin Anesth. 2016;32:189–93.
Condron ME, Pommier SJ, Pommier RF. Continuous infusion of octreotide combined with perioperative octreotide bolus does not prevent intraoperative carcinoid crisis. Surgery. 2016;159:358–65.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Riordon, M.A., Law, C.H.L. (2019). Management of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors. In: Docimo Jr., S., Pauli, E. (eds) Clinical Algorithms in General Surgery . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98497-1_48
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98497-1_48
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98496-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98497-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)