Abstract
Since recognition of the abnormal rests on a clear knowledge of the normal, a basic recognition of normal brain smear patterns is absolutely necessary for the practice of CNS intraoperative cytopathology. On the other hand, because intense reactive changes of brain tissue tend to be interpreted as a tumor, becoming familiar with the appearance of reactive gliosis in smears also is extremely important. This chapter reviews the cytomorphologic features of normal brain including white matter, gray matter, cerebellar cortex, choroid plexus, pia-arachnoid, and native pineal gland, as well as the smear pattern of reactive gliosis.
Recognition of the abnormal rests on a clear knowledge of the normal.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Suggesting Reading
Adams JH, Graham D, Doyle D. Brain Biopsy: The smear technique for neurosurgical biopsies. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1981. p. 15–8.
Chandrasoma PT, Apuzzo MLJ. Stereotactic brain biopsy. New York: Igaku-Shoin; 1989. p. 75–87.
Crain BJ, Bigner SH, Johnston WW. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of deep cerebrum. A comparison of normal and neoplastic morphology. Acta Cytol. 1982;26:772–8.
Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Bárcena C, Agra C, Asunción A. Cytologic features of the normal pineal gland of adults. Diagn Cytopathol. 2015;43:642–5.
Lacruz CR, Escalona J. Diagnóstico citológico de los tumores del sistema nervioso central. Barcelona: César Viguera; 2000. p. 19–23.
Murro D, Alsadi A, Nag S, Arvanitis L, Gattuso P. Cytologic features of the normal pineal gland on squash preparations. Diagn Cytopathol. 2014;42:939–43.
Parwani AV, Taylor DC, Burger PC, Erozan YS, Olivi A, Ali SZ. Keratinized squamous cells in fine needle aspiration of the brain. Acta Cytol. 2003;47:325–31.
Pekny M, Nilsson M. Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. Glia. 2005;50:427–34.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lacruz, C.R., Saénz de Santamaría, J., Bardales, R.H. (2018). Normal Brain and Gliosis. In: Central Nervous System Intraoperative Cytopathology. Essentials in Cytopathology, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98491-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98491-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98490-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98491-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)