Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation in Surgical Endoscopy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Surgery and Surgical Subspecialties

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation ((CHS))

Abstract

Simulation-based training has become a critical component for surgical endoscopy training. The different classes of platforms available include mechanical or physical, virtual reality, composite, and live animal models. Deciding which platform is appropriate is heavily dependent on the desired learning objectives and individual tasks or skills being practiced. This chapter will outline the various platforms available for basic and advanced endoscopy simulation, including their validity evidence as an assessment tool and demonstrated efficacy as a training modality. The simulation platforms will be compared with regard to their advantages and disadvantages when incorporating them into a training program, as well as their features, capabilities, targeted skills, and feedback potential. Additionally, endoscopy-specific curriculum development, feedback methodologies, and assessment will be discussed to promote best practices when employing surgical endoscopy into a trainee’s simulation experience. Simulation continues to advance, and the following can be used as a framework to aid in the development of an effective simulation training program for surgical endoscopy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Reznick RK, MacRae H. Teaching surgical skills: changes in the wind. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2664–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sweller J. Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning. Cogn Sci. 1988;12:257–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. van Merriënboer JJ, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory in health professional education: design principles and strategies. Med Educ. 2010;44:85–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. McCashland T, Brand R, Lyden E, de Garmo P. The time and financial impact of training fellows in endoscopy. CORI Research Project. Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:3129–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bini EJ, Firoozi B, Choung RJ, et al. Systematic evaluation of complications related to endoscopy in a training setting: a prospective 30-day outcomes study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:8–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. ACGME Program requirements for graduate medical education in general surgery. 2016. http://www.acgme.org/portals/0/pfassets/programrequirements/440_general_surgery_2016.pdf. Accessed on 14 Aug 2016.

  7. ABS establishes new requirement for endoscopic training and assessment. 2014. https://www.absurgery.org/default.jsp?news_fec. Accessed 06 Jun 2016.

  8. Zuckerman R, Doty B, Bark K, Heneghan S. Rural versus non-rural differences in surgeon performed endoscopy: results of a national survey. Am Surg. 2007;73:903–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Heneghan SJ, Bordley J 4th, Dietz PA, et al. Comparison of urban and rural general surgeons: motivations for practice location, practice patterns, and education requirements. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;201:732–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cass OW, Freeman ML, Peine CJ, et al. Objective evaluation of endoscopy skills during training. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:40–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Vargo JJ. North of 100 and south of 500: where does the “sweet spot” of colonoscopic competence lie? Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:325–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Spier BJ, Benson M, Pfau PR, et al. Colonoscopy training in gastroenterology fellowships: determining competence. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:319–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Wexner SD, Garbus JE, Singh JJ. SAGES Colonoscopy Study Outcomes Group. A prospective analysis of 13,580 colonoscopies. Reevaluation of credentialing guidelines. Surg Endosc. 2001;15:251–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hazey JW, Marks JM, Mellinger JD, et al. Why fundamentals of endoscopic surgery (FES)? Surg Endosc. 2014;28:701–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Poulose BK, Vassiliou MC, Dunkin BJ, et al. Fundamentals of endoscopic surgery cognitive examination: development and validity evidence. Surg Endosc. 2014;28:631–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Vassiliou MC, Dunkin BJ, Fried GM, et al. Fundamentals of endoscopic surgery: creation and validation of the hands-on test. Surg Endosc. 2014;28:704–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Singh S, Sedlack RE, Cook DA. Effects of simulation-based training in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1611–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Markman HD. A new system for teaching proctosigmoidoscopic morphology. Am J Gastroenterol. 1969;52:65–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Classen M, Ruppin H. Practical training using a new gastrointestinal phantom. Endoscopy. 1974;6:127–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Buscaglia JM, Fakhoury J, Loyal J, et al. Simulated colonoscopy training using a low-cost physical model improves responsiveness of surgery interns. Color Dis. 2015;17:530–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sedlack RE. Simulators in training: defining the optimal role for various simulation models in the training environment. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2006;16:553–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Sturm LP, Windsor JA, Cosman PH, et al. A systematic review of skills transfer after surgical simulation training. Ann Surg. 2008;248:166–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Tsuda S, Scott D, Doyle J, Jones DB. Surgical skills training and simulation. Curr Probl Surg. 2009;46:271–370.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Colonoscopy (Lower GI Endoscopy) simulator type II. http://www.kokenmpc.co.jp/english/products/life_simulation_models/medical_education/lm-107/index.html. Accessed on 14 Aug 2016.

  25. Colonoscope training model. https://www.kyotokagaku.com/products/detail01/m40.html. Accessed on 14 Aug 2016.

  26. EGD (EsophagoGastroDuodenoscopy) simulator. http://www.kokenmpc.co.jp/english/products/life_simulation_models/medical_education/lm-103/index.html. Accessed on 14 Aug 2016.

  27. Plooy AM, Hill A, Horswill MS, et al. Construct validation of a physical model colonoscopy simulator. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76:144–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cox TC, Pearl JP, Ritter EM. SCOPE simulated colonoscopy objective performance evaluation. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(Suppl):s284.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ritter EM, Cox TC, Trinca KD, Pearl JP. Simulated colonoscopy objective performance evaluation (SCOPE): a non-computer based tool for assessment of endoscopic skills. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:4073–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Trinca KD, Cox TC, Pearl JP, Ritter EM. Validity evidence for the simulated colonoscopy objective performance evaluation scoring system. Am J Surg. 2014;207:218–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jirapinyo P, Kumar K, Thompson C. Validation of an endoscopic part-task training box as a skill assessment tool. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:967–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Thompson C, Jirapinyo P, Kumar N, et al. Development and initial validation of an endoscopic part-task training box. Endoscopy. 2014;46:735–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Wilcox V, Trus T, Salas N, et al. A proficiency-based skills training curriculum for the SAGES surgical training for endoscopic proficiency (STEP) program. J Surg Educ. 2014;71:282–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Berger-Richarson D, Kurashima Y, von Renteln D, et al. Description and preliminary evaluation of a low-cost simulator for training and evaluation of flexible endoscopic skills. Surg Innov. 2016;23:183–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Leung JW, Lee JG, Rojany M, et al. Development of a novel ERCP mechanical simulator. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:1056–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Frimberger E, von Delius S, Rösch T, et al. A novel and practicable ERCP training system with simulated fluoroscopy. Endoscopy. 2008;40:517–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. von Delius S, Thies P, Meining A, et al. Validation of the X-vision ERCP training system and technical challenges during early training of Sphincterotomy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:389–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Williams CB, Baillie J, Gillies DF, et al. Teaching gastrointestinal endoscopy by computer simulation: a prototype for colonoscopy and ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 1990;36:49–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Noar MD. Robotics interactive endoscopy simulation of ERCP/sphincterotomy and EGD. Endoscopy. 1992;24(Suppl 2):539–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. GI mentor platforms. http://simbionix.com/wp-content/pdf/Brochures/GI_Mentor_Brochure_06_2015-Web.pdf. Accessed on 14 Aug 2016.

  41. EndoVR interventional simulator. http://caehealthcare.com//images/uploads/brochures/EndoVR.pdf. Accessed on 14 Aug 2016.

  42. Bittner JG 4th, Marks JM, Dunkin BJ, et al. Resident training in flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy: a review of current issues and options. J Surg Educ. 2007;64:399–409.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. King N, Kunac A, Merchant A. A review of endoscopic simulation: current evidence on simulators and curricula. J Surg Educ. 2016;73(1):12–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Triantafyllou K, Lazaridis L, Dimitriades G. Virtual reality simulators for gastrointestinal endoscopy training. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;6:6–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Desilets DJ, Banerjee S, Barth BA, et al. Endoscopic simulators. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73:861–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Mueller CL, Kaneva P, Fried GM, et al. Validity evidence for a new portable, lower-cost platform for the fundamentals of endoscopic surgery skills test. Surg Endosc. 2016;30:1107–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Sedlack RE, Kolars JC. Colonoscopy curriculum development and performance-based assessment criteria on a computer-based endoscopy simulator. Acad Med. 2002;77:750–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Sedlack RE, Kolars JC. Validation of a computer-based colonoscopy simulator. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:214–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Grantcharov TP, Carstensen L, Schulze S. Objective assessment of gastrointestinal endoscopy skills using a virtual reality simulator. JSLS. 2005;9:130–3.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Mahmood T, Darzi A. A study to validate the colonoscopy simulator. Surg Endosc. 2003;17:1583–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Eversbusch A, Grantcharov TP. Learning curves and impact of psychomotor training on performance in simulated colonoscopy: a randomized trial using a virtual reality endoscopy trainer. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:1514–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Felsher JJ, Olesevich M, Farres H, et al. Validation of a flexible endoscopy simulator. Am J Surg. 2005;189:497–500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Koch AD, Buzink SN, Heemskerk J, et al. Expert and construct validity of the Simbionix GI Mentor II endoscopy simulator for colonoscopy. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:158–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ansell J, Mason J, Warren N, et al. Systematic review of validity testing in colonoscopy simulation. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:3040–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Di Guilio E, Fregonese D, Casetti T, et al. Training with a computer-based simulator achieves basic manual skills for upper endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60:196–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Ahlberg G, Hultcrantz R, Jaramillo E, et al. Virtual reality colonoscopy simulation: a compulsory practice for the future colonoscopist? Endoscopy. 2005;37:1198–204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Haycock A, Koch AD, Familiari P, et al. Training and transfer of colonoscopy skills: a multinational, randomized, blinded, controlled trial of simulator versus bedside training. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:298–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Cohen J, Cohen S, Vora KC, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of virtual-reality simulator training in acquisition of competency in colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:361–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ende A, Zopf Y, Konturek P, et al. Strategies for training in diagnostic upper endoscopy: a prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:254–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ferlitsch A, Glauninger P, Gupper A, et al. Evaluation of a virtual endoscopy simulator for training in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2002;34:698–702.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Moorthy K, Munz Y, Jiwanji M, et al. Validity and reliability of a virtual reality upper gastrointestinal simulator and cross validation using structured assessment of individual performance with video playback. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:328–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Sedlack RE. Validation of computer simulation training for esophagogastroduodenoscopy: pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:1214–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hassan I, Osei-Agymang T, Radu D, et al. Simulation of laparoscopic surgery—four years’ experience at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital Marburg. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2008;120:70–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Maschuw K, Hassan I, Bartsch DK. Surgical training using simulator. Virtual reality Chirurg. 2010;81:19–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Hochberger J, Neumann M, Hohenberger W, et al. Neuer Endoskopie-Trainer für die therapeutische flexible Endoskopie. Z Gastroenterol. 1997;35:722–3.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hochberger J, Neumann M, Maiss J, et al. Erlanger Ausbildungssimulator für die interventionelle Endoskopie(EASIE): Eine neue Perspektive für die qualitdtsorientierte praktische Ausbildung. Endoskopie heute. 1998;4:23–5.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Maiss J, Hildebrand V, Bayer J, et al. Mini-EASIE: Ein neues, auf die Belange der interventionellen endoskopie reduziertes trainingsmodell. Endoskopie heute. 1999;12:53.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hochberger J, Matthes K, Maiss J, et al. Training with the compactEASIE biologic endoscopy simulator significantly improves hemostatic technical skill of gastroenterology fellows: a randomized controlled comparison with clinical endoscopy training alone. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:204–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Maiss J, Millermann L, Heinemann K, et al. The compactEasie® is a feasible training model for endoscopic novices: a prospective randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39:70–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Sedlack R, Baron T, Downing S, Schwartz A. Validation of a colonoscopy simulation model for skills assessment. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:64–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Ansell J, Arnaoutakis K, Goddard S, et al. The WIMAT colonoscopy suitcase model: a novel porcine polypectomy trainer. Color Dis. 2013;15:217–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ansell J, Hurley J, Horwood J, et al. The Welsh Institute for Minimal Access Therapy colonoscopy suitcase has construct and concurrent validity for colonoscopic polypectomy skills training: a prospective, cross-sectional study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79:490–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Sedlack R, Petersen B, Binmoeller K, Kolars J. A direct comparison of ERCP teaching models. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:886–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. ASGE endoscopy simulator review. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73:861–7.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Cohen J, Nuckolls L, Mourant RR. Endoscopy simulators: lessons from the aviation and automobile industries. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2006;16:407–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Gomez PP, Willis RE, Sickle K. Evaluation of two flexible colonoscopy simulators and transfer of skills into clinical practice. J Surg Educ. 2015;72:220–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Hill A, Horswill MS, Plooy AM, et al. Assessing the realism of colonoscopy simulation: the development of an instrument and systematic comparison of 4 simulators. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:631–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Bittner JG, Mellinger JD, Imam T, et al. Face and construct validity of a computer-based virtual reality simulator for ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:357–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sorbi D, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Wiersema MJ. A simple phantom for learning EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:580–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kim GH, Bang SJ, Hwang JH. Learning models for endoscopic ultrasonography in gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:5176–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Lujber L, Gerlinger I, Fábián G, et al. A novel and inexpensive model for practicing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy techniques. Endoscopy. 2008;40(Suppl2):E73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Mittal MK, Kreitz KA, Resnick AS, et al. A novel approach for augmenting percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement training. Simul Healthc. 2010;5:346–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Yoshida N, Fernandopulle N, Inada Y, et al. Training methods and models for colonoscopic insertion, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59:2081–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Haycock AV, East JE, Swain D, Thomas-Gibson S. Development of a novel esophageal stricture simulation. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:321–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Ritter EM, Scott DJ. Design of a proficiency-based skills training curriculum for the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. Surg Innov. 2007;14:107–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Scott DJ, Ritter EM, Tesfay ST, et al. Certification pass rate of 100% for fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skills after proficiency-based training. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:1887–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Rosenthal ME, Ritter EM, Goova MT, et al. Proficiency-based fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skills training results in durable performance improvement and a uniform certification pass rate. Surg Endosc. 2010;24:2453–7.

    Google Scholar 

  88. McGaghie WC, Siddall VJ, Mazmanian PE, et al. Lessons for continuing medical education from simulation research in undergraduate and graduate medical education. Chest. 2009;135(Suppl):62S–8S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. McGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Barsuk JH, Wayne DB. A critical review of simulation-based mastery learning with translational outcomes. Med Educ. 2014;48:375–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Ericsson KA. Deliberate practice and the acquisition and maintenance of expert performance in medicine and related domains. Acad Med. 2004;79(Suppl):S70–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Cook DA, Brydges R, Zendejas B, et al. Mastery learning for health professionals using technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Med. 2013;88:1178–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Caprio T, et al. Simulation-based education with mastery learning improves residents’ lumbar puncture skills. Neurology. 2012;79:132–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Zendejas B, Cook DA, Bingener J, et al. Simulation-based mastery learning improves patient outcomes in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Ann Surg. 2011;254:502–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Potts S, et al. Dissemination of a simulation-based mastery learning intervention reduces central line-associated bloodstream infections. BMJ Qual Saf. 2014;23:749–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, McGaghie WC, Wayne DB. Long-term retention of central venous catheter insertion skills after simulation-based mastery learning. Acad Med. 2010;85(Suppl):S9–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER, et al. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review. Med Teach. 2005;27:10–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Walsh CM, Ling SC, Wang CS, Carnahan H. Concurrent versus terminal feedback: it may be better to wait. Acad Med. 2009;84(Suppl):S54–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Kruglikova I, Grantcharov TP, Drewes AM, Funch-Jensen P. The impact of constructive feedback on training in gastrointestinal endoscopy using high-fidelity virtual-reality simulation: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2010;59:181–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Lee JY, McDougall EM, Lineberry M, Tekian A. Optimizing the timing of expert feedback during simulation-based spaced practice of endourologic skills. Simul Healthc. 2016;11:257–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Gardner A, Scott D, Willis R, et al. Is current surgery resident and GI fellow training adequate to pass FES? Surg Endosc. 2016;[Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  101. Vassiliou MC, Kaneva PA, Poulose BK, et al. Global assessment of gastrointestinal endoscopic skills (GAGES): a valid measurement tool for technical skills in flexible endoscopy. Surg Endosc. 2010;24:1834–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Sedlack RE. The Mayo colonoscopy skills assessment tool: validation of a unique instrument to assess colonoscopy skills in trainees. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72:1125–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Koch AD, Haringsma J, Schoon EJ, et al. Competence measurement during colonoscopy training: the use of self-assessment of performance measures. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:971–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, National Capital Region Simulation Consortium, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Sarah B. Placek, Brenton R. Franklin & E. Matthew Ritter

Authors
  1. Sarah B. Placek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brenton R. Franklin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. Matthew Ritter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Matthew Ritter .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Vice Chair of Education, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Dimitrios Stefanidis

  2. Vice Chair of Education, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    James R. Korndorffer Jr.

  3. Executive Director WISH and CREST, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Robert Sweet

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Placek, S.B., Franklin, B.R., Ritter, E.M. (2019). Simulation in Surgical Endoscopy. In: Stefanidis, D., Korndorffer Jr., J., Sweet, R. (eds) Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Surgery and Surgical Subspecialties. Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98276-2_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98276-2_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98275-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98276-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation