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Innovative Approaches in Delivery of Eye Care: Diabetic Retinopathy

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Book cover Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Primary and Secondary Eye Care

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s major public health conditions, affecting 366 million in 2011 increasing to 552 million in 2030. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a specific microvascular complication of diabetes, remains one of the leading causes for acquired vision loss worldwide in middle-aged working populations. While much of the advances and research have been focused on tertiary level care of patients with DR (e.g., laser, intraocular application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and vitreoretinal surgery), solutions to sustainable prevention of vision loss involve developing innovative ways to optimize clinically and economically effective DR care in primary and secondary settings, both in resource-rich and resource-poor countries worldwide. Retinal photography, with additional use of ophthalmoscopy for selected cases, remains the most effective DR screening strategy in both resource-rich and resource-poor settings. Raising public awareness, improving access to the eye care services, and training more primary eye care workers are cost-effective measures to enable the success of a DR screening program in the resource-poor countries. Early detection and DR prevention remain public health imperatives. More focus, therefore, should be directed to the prevention of diabetes by raising public health awareness on the importance of a healthy lifestyle, nutrition, and physical activity. For those with diabetes, it is important for primary care physicians to optimize the modifiable risk factors, including the glycemic index, blood pressure, lipid control, and body weight control, to prevent development and progression of DR and other diabetes-related micro- and macrovascular complications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

    Daniel Shu Wei Ting & Tien Yin Wong

  2. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

    Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Ecosse Lamoureux & Tien Yin Wong

  3. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

    Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Ecosse Lamoureux & Tien Yin Wong

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  1. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Rohit C. Khanna

  2. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Gullapalli N. Rao

  3. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Srinivas Marmamula

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Ting, D.S.W., Lamoureux, E., Wong, T.Y. (2019). Innovative Approaches in Delivery of Eye Care: Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Khanna, R., Rao, G., Marmamula, S. (eds) Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Primary and Secondary Eye Care. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98014-0_9

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