Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Primary and Secondary Eye Care pp 163–179Cite as

Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Eye Care: Refractive Errors (Including Presbyopia)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 513 Accesses

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

Abstract

The global prevalence of blindness and vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error amplifies the need for the delivery of refractive services. Effective strategies need to be employed in order to ensure that they leave an impression on the landscape of refractive error blindness and vision impairment. The approaches must be systematic and evidence-based. Recent studies which plot the refractive error challenges impress upon practitioners across the eye health gamut the need to effect change immediately in an effective, sustainable and equitable manner.

The approaches employed to reduce the burden of blindness and vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error can be categorised as public sector, NGO-driven, social entrepreneurship, private sector and public-private partnership. Contextual variations demand careful planning, implementation, evaluation and remediation of approaches used to achieve accessible refractive service delivery.

This chapter focuses on the different models of refractive service delivery used across the globe. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of each model and key factors for their success and challenges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bennet I. Optometric practice management. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bourne RR, et al. Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990—2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1(6):e339–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Brien Holden Vision Institute. Academic vision centre handed over in Malawi. 2015. Available at: http://www.brienholdenvision.org/media-centre/latest-news/803-academic-vision-centre-handed-over-in-malawi.html. Accessed 10 Dec 2015.

  4. Brien Holden Vision Institute. Vision centre development. 2015. Available at: http://www.brienholdenvision.org/global-eye-care/vision-centre-development.html. Accessed 10 De 2015.

  5. Businessdictionary.com. Social enterprise. Business Dictionary. 2015. p. 1–7. Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/social-enterprise.html. Accessed 8 Dec 2015.

  6. Chen S. Smartphone and tablet apps in eye care. Mivision. 2014;(88):59–3. Available at: http://www.gpce.com.au/RXAU/RXAU_GPCE_V2/documents/2014/SmartphoneAppsineyecare.pdf?v=635321744137370106.

  7. Dandona R, et al. Refractive error in children in a rural population in India. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43(3):615–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dias L, Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial Group, et al. The relationship between self-esteem of myopic children and ocular and demographic characteristics. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79(11):688–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dirani M, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(8):997–1000.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dusek W, et al. A survey of visual function in an Austrian population of school-age children with reading and writing difficulties. BMC Ophthal. 2010;10(16):1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Essilor. Using mobile solutions to access all areas. See change. 2015. Available at: http://www.essilorseechange.com/using-mobile-solutions-to-access-all-areas/. Accessed 14 Dec 2015.

  12. Frick KD, et al. The global burden of potential productivity loss from uncorrected presbyopia. Ophthalmology. 2015. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26190438. Accessed 18 Jul 2015.

  13. George J, et al. Apparatus and processes for preventing or delaying one or more symptoms of presbyopia. United States Patent. US 7252662 B2. 2007. http://www.google.com/patents/US7252662.

  14. Gillani R. The eye health programme in Dera Ghazi Khan district, Pakistan. Commun Eye Health Int Cent Eye Health. 2005;18(54):94. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1705678&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 9 Dec 2015.

  15. Goh PP, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in school-age children in Gombak District, Malaysia. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(4):678–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gong JF, et al. Relevant factors of estrogen changes of myopia in adolescent females. Chin Med J. 2015;128:659–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. He M, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in school children in rural southern China. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(2):374–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Holden B, et al. Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control. Eye. 2014;28(2):142–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Holden BA, et al. Challenges of providing spectacles in the developing world. Commun Eye Health J. 2000;13(33):9–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Holden BA. Uncorrected refractive error: the major and most easily avoidable cause of vision loss. Commun Eye Health Int Cent Eye Health. 2007;20(63):37–9. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2040245&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Holden BA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Huon T. Experiences with optical centres in West Africa. Commun Eye Health J. 2007;20(63):53.

    Google Scholar 

  23. International Finance Corporation. IFC support to health public-private partnerships. 2010. Available at: http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/b10f4080498391e2865cd6336b93d75f/IFC_Support2Health_WEB.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=b10f4080498391e2865cd6336b93d75f.

  24. Jones LA, et al. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(8):3524–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Klein AP, et al. Support for polygenic influences on ocular refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(2):442–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kumaran SE, et al. Refractive error and vision-related quality of life in Southern Indian children. Optom Vis Sci. 2015;92(3):272–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Light for the World. Ophthalmology in development cooperation. Vision Dev. 2010;(2);14. Available at: National Intervention on Uncorrected Refractive Errors (NIURE) project in Uganda.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ma X, et al. Effect of providing free glasses on children’s educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2014;349:g5740. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5740.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Marmamula S, et al. Rapid assessment methods in eye care: an overview. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012;60:416–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Mashige KP, Naidoo KS. Optometric practices and practitioners in KwaZu- lu-Natal, South Africa. Afr Vision Eye Health. 2010;69(2):77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Maul E, et al. Refractive error study in children: results from La Florida, Chile. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(4):445–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. McBrien NA, et al. A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group. Refractive and biometric findings. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(20):321–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Metlapally R, et al. Genetic association of insulin-like growth factor-1 polymorphisms with high-grade myopia in an international family cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(9):4476–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Mutti DO, et al. Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children’s refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43(12):3633–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Murthy GV, et al. Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43(3):623–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Naidoo KS, et al. Scaling up the delivery of refractive error services within a district health system: the KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa experience. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:361. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3852626&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed 3 Aug 2015.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Naidoo KS, et al. Global visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error: 1990–2010. Optom Vis Sci. 2016;93(3):227–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Naidoo KS, Jaggernath J. Uncorrected refractive errors. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012;60(5):432–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Naidoo KS, Raghunandan A, Mashige KP, Govender P, Holden BA, Pokharel GP, Ellwein LB. Refractive error and visual impairment in African children in South Africa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(9):3764–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Negrel AD, et al. Refractive error study in children: sampling and measurement methods for a multi-country survey. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(4):421–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Patel I, et al. Change in function and spectacle-use 2 months after providing presbyopic spectacles in rural Tanzania. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(6):685–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Patel I, West SK. Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions. Commun Eye Health J. 2007;20(63):40–1.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Peet JA, et al. Heritability and familial aggregation of refractive error in the Old Order Amish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(9):4002–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Pokharel GP, et al. Refractive error study in children: results from Mechi Zone, Nepal. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(4):436–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Rao GN. The Barrie Jones lecture – Eye care for the neglected population: challenges and solutions. Eye (Basingstoke). 2015;29(1):30–45. Available at: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920556087&partnerID=40&md5=cf48b92010a4469fac7075fd1e2e15fd.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Resnikoff S, et al. Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(1):63–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Russo A, Semeraro F, Romano MR, Mastropasqua R, Dell’Omo R, Costagliola C. Myopia onset and progression: can it be prevented? Int Ophthalmol. 2014;34(3):693–705.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Savur S. The perceptions regarding refractive errors and their psychosocial impact on youth in Dakshina Kannada. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5:746–8. Available at: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=emed10&AN=2011458173<1029.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Saw SM, et al. A cohort study of incident myopia in Singaporean children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(5):1839–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Shashidhar S, et al. Factors affecting scholastic performances of adolescents. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76(5):495–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Shankar S, Evans MA, Bobier WR, et al. Hyperopia and emergent literacy of young children: pilot study. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(11):1031–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Shimizu N, et al. Refractive errors and factors associated with myopia in an adult Japanese population. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2003;47(1):6–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Srinivasan A. Driving down the cost of high-quality care: lessons from the Aravind Eye Care System. Health Int. 2011;18–7.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Stevens GA, et al. Global prevalence of vision impairment and blindness: magnitude and temporal trends, 1990–2010. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(12):2377–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Wensor M, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Victoria, Australia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117(5):658–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Westling L, et al. Craniofacial manifestations in the Marfan syndrome: palatal dimensions and a comparative cephalometric analysis. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1998;18(4):211–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Wojciechowski R, et al. Fine-mapping of candidate region in Amish and Ashkenazi families confirms linkage of refractive error to a QTL on 1p34-p35. Mol Vis. 2009;15:1398–406.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Johnson GJ, Seah SK. Education, socioeconomic status, and ocular dimensions in Chinese adults: the Tanjong Pagar survey. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86(9):963–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. World Health Organisation. Uncorrected refractive error, including presbyopia. Geneva; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  60. www.4lenses.org. Toward an integrated social enterprise methodology. The Four Lenses Strategic Framework. 2010. Available at: http://www.4lenses.org/setypology/ise. Accessed 8 Dec 2015.

  61. Zhang M, et al. Population density and refractive error among Chinese children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(10):4969–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Compliance with Ethical Requirements

Compliance with ethical requirements: Kovin Naidoo, Prindha Govender and Jyothi Jaggernath declare that they have no conflict of interest.No human or animal studies were carried out by the authors for this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

    Kovin S. Naidoo, Pirindhavellie Govender & Jyoti Naidoo

  2. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Pirindhavellie Govender

Authors
  1. Kovin S. Naidoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pirindhavellie Govender
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jyoti Naidoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kovin S. Naidoo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Rohit C. Khanna

  2. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Gullapalli N. Rao

  3. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Srinivas Marmamula

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Naidoo, K.S., Govender, P., Naidoo, J. (2019). Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Eye Care: Refractive Errors (Including Presbyopia). In: Khanna, R., Rao, G., Marmamula, S. (eds) Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Primary and Secondary Eye Care. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98014-0_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98014-0_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98013-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98014-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation