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Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Primary and Secondary Eye Care pp 147–162Cite as

Innovative Approaches in Delivery of Eye Care: Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of severe central vision loss and blindness in an elderly population. With aging of the global population, the projected number of people with AMD in 2020 is estimated to be 196 million, increasing to 288 million in 2040. The early stage of AMD is asymptomatic but can cause severe central vision impairment in later stages. Advancement in the treatment for neovascular AMD with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections has changed the treatment of AMD. Before anti-VEGF treatment was available, photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer and thermal direct macular photocoagulation were the only treatment modalities. With anti-VEGF available in the current management of neovascular AMD, it is not just stabilizing the vision, but we can expect improvement in the visual acuity. It is still challenging to improve vision in patients with geographic atrophy; however multiple trials are underway. Both genetic and environmental factors have been identified as playing major roles in the etiology of AMD. Smoking and nutritional factors have been considered to be the main target of lifestyle modification. Advanced imaging has provided a new insight into the etiology and classification into detailed subtypes which is expected to lead to better management of the disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata, Japan

    Ryo Kawasaki & Yumiko Kawasaki

  2. Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

    Ryo Kawasaki

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  1. Ryo Kawasaki
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  2. Yumiko Kawasaki
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Correspondence to Ryo Kawasaki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Rohit C. Khanna

  2. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Gullapalli N. Rao

  3. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Srinivas Marmamula

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Kawasaki, R., Kawasaki, Y. (2019). Innovative Approaches in Delivery of Eye Care: Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In: Khanna, R., Rao, G., Marmamula, S. (eds) Innovative Approaches in the Delivery of Primary and Secondary Eye Care. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98014-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98014-0_10

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