Biodegradation of Textile Azo Dyes

Sreedharan, Veena; Bhaskara Rao, Kokati Venkata

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_5

Veena Sreedharan⁸ &
Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao⁸

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 22))

1462 Accesses
22 Citations

Abstract

Azo dyes are known as industrially synthesized organic compounds, and these azo dyes are identified by their azo bonds (N=N). Mixtures of these synthetic dyes which are unbound to the fiber get released into the environment and that will ultimately lead to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation of these dyes constitutes a serious environmental hazard. Several physicochemical methods have been applied to the treatment of textile wastewater, but these methods have many limitations due to high cost, low efficiency, and secondary pollution problems. As an alternative to physicochemical methods, biological methods comprise bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, and plants and their enzymes which received increasing interest due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature.

Decolorization of toxic azo dyes by biological processes may take place either by biodegradation or biosorption. A variety of oxidative and reductive microbial enzymes may also be involved in the degradation of dyes. Azoreductase, peroxidase, laccase, and other important enzymes synthesized by these microbes have shown 80–90% efficacy in decolorizing the textile dyes. Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their mediated azo dye degradation are the latest and effective methods used for treatment of hazards effluent samples. Toxicity evaluation of pure dyes and degraded dye product using phytotoxicity and biotoxicity study is given a clear chart of the most effective methods This review provides an overview of decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by biological processes and establishes the fact that these Microbes and enzymes are significantly effective biological weapons against the toxic azo dyes.

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Authors are very thankful to the management of VIT University and CSIR Delhi, India, for supporting this study.

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Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Veena Sreedharan & Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao

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Veena Sreedharan
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Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao
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School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
K M Gothandam
DST-Centre for Policy Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shivendu Ranjan
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nandita Dasgupta
Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, Aix en Provence, France
Eric Lichtfouse

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Sreedharan, V., Bhaskara Rao, K.V. (2019). Biodegradation of Textile Azo Dyes. In: Gothandam, K., Ranjan, S., Dasgupta, N., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Nanoscience and Biotechnology for Environmental Applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_5

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