Skip to main content

Electronystagmography and Videonystagmography

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders

Abstract

Vestibular function tests are clinical techniques used to evaluate part of the vestibular system. Stimulation of the inner ear results in specific eye movement termed nystagmus, which are integral in the evaluation of the vestibular system. Nystagmus has a fast-phase and a slow-phase component and is named based on the fast phase. Electronystagmography (ENG), videonystagmography (VNG), and rotation testing measure nystagmus to provide objective assessment of the function of the vestibular system.

We would like to personally thank our amazing audiology colleagues, specifically Jaclyn Ranker Au.D. and Rachel Beckley Au.D, for all their help with both the compiling of images for our figures and with the descriptions of these figures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baloh RW, Honrubia V. Clinical neurophysiology of the vestibular system. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The neurology of eye movements, vol. 393. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 1991. p. 416–8.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Stockwell CW. Vestibular testing: past, present, future. Br J Audiol. 1997;31:387–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bhansali SA, Honrubia V. Current status of electronystagmography testing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;120:419–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bhansali SA, Stockwell CW, Bojrab DI. Oscillopsia in patients with loss of vestibular function. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;109:120–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Stockwell CW, Bojrab DI. Background and technique of rotational testing. In: Jacobson GP, Newman CW, Kartush JM, editors. Handbook of balance function testing. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1993. p. 237–48.

    Google Scholar 

  7. McClure JA. Horizontal canal benign positional vertigo. J Otolaryngol. 1985;14:30–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Pagnini P, Nuti D, Vannucchi P. Benign positional vertigo of the horizontal canal. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1989;51:161.170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Stockwell CW, Bojrab DI. Vestibular function tests. In: Paparella MM, et al., editors. Otolaryngology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1991. p. 921–48.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Leigh RJ, Robinson DA, Zee DS. A hypothetical explanation for periodic alternating nystagmus: instability in the optokinetic-vestibular system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1981;374:619–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Barber HO, Stockwell CW. Annual of electronystagmography. St Louis: Mosby; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Highstein SM, Baker R. Excitatory termination of abducens internuclear neurons on medial rectus motoneurons: relationship to syndrome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia. J Neurophysiol. 1978;41:1647–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Paige G. Caloric vestibular responses despite canal inactivation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984;25(Suppl):229–32.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Scherer H, Brandt U, Clarke AH, et al. European vestibular experiments on the spacelab I mission, III: caloric nystagmus in microgravity. Exp Brain Res. 1986;64:255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bhansali SA. Other caloric tests. In: Arenberg JK, editor. Dizziness and balance disorders. New York: Kugler; 1993. p. 283–7.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jongkees LBW, Philipszoon AJ. Electronystagmography. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 1964;189(Suppl):1–111.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ford CR, Stockwell CW. Reliabilities of air and water caloric responses. Arch Otolaryngol. 1978;104:380.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Baloh RW, Solingen L, Sills AW, Honrubia V. Caloric testing I: effect of different conditions of ocular fixation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1977;86(Suppl 43):1–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Custer DD, Black FO, Hemenway WG, Thorby JI. The sequential bithermal caloric test, I: a statistical analysis of normal subject responses. Ann Otol Rhinol Larynggol. 1973;83(Suppl 6):3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hamersma H. The caloric test: a nystagmographical study (thesis). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam; 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mehra YG. Electronystagmography: a study of caloric tests in normal subjects. J Laryngol Otol. 1964;78:520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Betnitez JT, Bouchard KR, Choe YK. Air calorics: a technique and results. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1978;87:216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hain TC, Fretter M, Zee DS. Head shaking nystagmus in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions. Am J Otolaryngol. 1987;8:36–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Takahashi S, Fetter M, Koenig E, et al. The clinical significance of head shaking nystagmus in the dizzy patient. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 1990;109:8–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kamei T, Kornhuber HH. Spontaneous and head shaking nystagmus in normal and in patients with central lesions. Can J Otolaryngol. 1979;3:372–80.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Waldorf RA. Observations of eye movements related to vestibular and other neurological problems using the house infrared/video ENG system. In: Arenberg IK, editor. Dizziness and balance disorders. New York: Kugler; 1993. p. 277–81.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dennis I. Bojrab II .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bojrab, D.I., Lai, W., Bojrab, D.I. (2019). Electronystagmography and Videonystagmography. In: Babu, S., Schutt, C., Bojrab, D. (eds) Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97858-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97858-1_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97857-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97858-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics