Abstract
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a disorder of the inner ear characterized by sudden, repeated episodes of positional vertigo, is the most common of the peripheral vestibular disorders and is believed to be the leading cause of vertigo worldwide. It has a favorable prognosis for recovery, with approximately 50% of cases resolving spontaneously within 3 months, and is rarely associated with any serious underlying CNS disorder [1–3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baloh RW, Honrubia V, Jacobson K. Benign positional vertigo: clinical and oculographic features in 240 cases. Neurology. 1987;37:371–8.
Lynn S, Pool A, Rose D, Brey R, Suman V. Randomized trial of the canalith repositioning procedure. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113:712–20.
Burton MJ, Eby TL, Rosenfeld RM. Extracts from the Cochrane Library: modifications of the Epley (canalith repositioning) maneuver for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147:407–11.
Schappert SM. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1989 summary. Vital Health Stat. 1992;13(110):1–80.
von Brevern M, Radtke A, Lezius F. Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:710–5.
Bhattacharyya N, Gubbels SP, Schwartz SR, Edlow JA, El-Kashlan H, Fife T, Holmberg JM, Mahoney K, Hollingsworth DB, Roberts R, Seidman MD, Steiner RWP, Do BT, Voelker CCJ, Waguespack RW, Corrigan MD. Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156(3):S1–S47.
Neuhauser HK, Lempert T. Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects. Semin Neurol. 2009;29:473–81.
Benecke H, Agus S, Kuessner D, Goodall G, Strupp M. The burden and impact of vertigo: findings from the REVERT patient registry. Front Neurol. 2013;4:136.
Tehrani ASS, Coughlan D, Hsieh YH, Mantokoudis G, Korley FK, Kerber KA, Frick KD, Newman-Toker DE. Rising annual costs of dizziness presentations to U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(7):689–96.
Wang H, Yu D, Song N, Yin S. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo associated with current practice. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271:261–4.
Grill E, Strupp M, Müller M, Klaus J. Health services utilization of patients with vertigo in primary care: a retrospective cohort study. J Neurol. 2014;261:1492–8.
Karlberg M, Hall K, Quickert N, Hinson J, Halmagyi GM. What inner ear diseases cause benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? Acta Otolarygnol. 2000;120(3):380–5.
Atacan E, Sennaroglu L, Genc A, Kaya S. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after stapedectomy. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(7):1257–9.
Vibert D, Kompis M, Hausler R. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in older women may be related to osteoporosis and osteopenia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112:885–9.
Aksoy S, Sennaroglu L. Benign paroxysmal vertigo in swimmers. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2007;17(6):307–10.
Fife TD. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Semin Neurol. 2009;29:500–8.
Cakir BO, Ercan I, Cakir ZA. What is the true incidence of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:451–4.
Parnes LS, Agrawal SK, Atlas J. Diagnosis and management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). CMAJ. 2003;169:681–93.
Imai T, Ito M, Takeda N. Natural course of the remission of vertigo in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Neurology. 2005;64:920–1.
Califano L, Vassallo A, Melillo MG, Mazzone S, Salaria F. Direction-fixed paroxysmal nystagmus lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): another form of lateral canalolithiasis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2013;33(4):254–60.
Lopez-Escamez JA, Lopez-Nevot A, Gamiz MJ. Diagnosis of common causes of vertigo using a structured clinical history. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2000;51:25–30.
Hanley K, O’Dowd T. Symptoms of vertigo in general practice: a prospective study of diagnosis. Br J Gen Pract. 2002;52:809–12.
von Brevern M, Bertholon P, Brandt T. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: diagnostic criteria. J Vestib Res. 2015;25:105–17.
Humphriss RL, Baguley DM, Sparkes V, Peerman SE, Moffat DA. Contraindications to the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre: a multidisciplinary review. Int J Audiol. 2003;42(3):166–73.
Furman JM, Cass SP. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1590–6.
Heidenreich KD, Kerber KA, Carender WJ. Persistent positional nystagmus: a case of superior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? Laryngoscope. 2011;121:1818–20.
Casani AP, Nacci A, Dallan I. Horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: effectiveness of two different methods of treatment. Audiol Neurootol. 2011;16:175–84.
Lopez-Escamez JA, Molina MI, Gamiz MJ. Anterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and positional downbeating nystagmus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006;27:173–8.
Fife TD. Positional dizziness. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn). 2012;18(5, neuro-otology):1060–85.
Nuti D, Agus G, Barbieri MT. The management of horizontal-canal paroxysmal positional vertigo. Acta Otolaryngol. 1998;118:455–60.
Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067–74.
Fife D, FitzGerald JE. Do patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo receive prompt treatment? Analysis of waiting times and human and financial costs associated with current practice. Int J Audiol. 2005;44:50–7.
Lee S-H, Choi K-D, Jeong S-H. Nystagmus during neck flexion in the pitch plane in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo involving the horizontal canal. J Neurol Sci. 2007;256:75–80.
White JA, Coale KD, Catalano PJ. Diagnosis and management of lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;133:278–84.
Tirelli G, Russolo M. 360-Degree canalith repositioning procedure for the horizontal canal. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:740–6.
Roberts RA, Gans RE, Kastner AH. Prevalence of vestibulopathy in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients with and without prior otologic history. Int J Audiol. 2005;44:191–6.
Korres SG, Balatsouras DG. Diagnostic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic aspects of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:438–44.
Kentala E, Rauch SD. A practical assessment algorithm for diagnosis of dizziness. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;128:54–9.
Minor LB, Cremer PD, Carey JP. Symptoms and signs in superior canal dehiscence syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;942:259–73.
Dunniway HM, Welling DB. Intracranial tumors mimicking benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;118:429–36.
Kerber KA. Acute continuous vertigo. Semin Neurol. 2013;33:173–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Campbell, B., Kimura, K., Yawn, R., Bennett, M. (2019). Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of BPPV. In: Babu, S., Schutt, C., Bojrab, D. (eds) Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97858-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97858-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97857-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97858-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)