Skip to main content

Family Metaphor, the Geek and the Entrepreneurial Ideal

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Digital Entrepreneurship, Gender and Intersectionality

Part of the book series: Dynamics of Virtual Work ((DVW))

  • 389 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter examines entrepreneurs who have started Internet and mobile technology companies in Taiwan. Technology education and careers remain dominated by men, who often represent themselves as geeks. New digital enterprises are often founded by those with close social ties, typically developed through education and work, and women usually have less access to these networks. The close-knit startup teams are often likened to families, made up of friends and colleagues whom the founders trust. My research indicates that family commitments and childcare affect both men and women, and the analysis details the influences of family on their decision to start a company and the experiences of being entrepreneurs. Class position influences whether entrepreneurs are able to establish new ventures. Instead of monetary gain, many digital entrepreneurs are drawn to the startup sector as an alternative career in a changing social, cultural and economic climate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdnor, James. “The Spirit of Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Small Business Management 26, no. 1 (1988): 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acker, Joan. “Gender, Capitalism and Globalization.” Critical Sociology 30, no. 1 (2004): 17–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acker, Joan. “Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organization.” Gender and Society 4, no. 2 (1990): 139–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ardichvili, Alexander, Richard Cardozo, and Sourav Ray. “A Theory of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development.” Journal of Business Venturing 18, no. 1 (2003): 105–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loic J. D. Wacquant. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinton, Mary C., and Takehiko Kariya. “Institutional Embeddedness in Japanese Labor Markets.” In The New Institutionalism in Sociology, edited by Mary C. Brinton Victor Nee, 181–207. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, Ronald. Structural Holes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bygrave, William D., and Charles W. Hofer. “Theorizing about Entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16, no. 3 (1991): 12–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Chin-fen. “Taiwan Women’s History—Labor” In Introduction to the History of Taiwanese Women, edited by Jimbun Shoin, 91–116. Kyoto, Japan: Jimbun Shoin, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, Priscilla. “Social Network Models of Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship: The Experience in Hong Kong and Canada.” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 13, no. 4 (1996): 358–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, James S. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, James S. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (1988): S95–S120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, Peter. Management Challenges for the 21st Century. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • English-Lueck, J., Charles N. Darrah, and Andrea Saveri. “Trusting Strangers: Work Relationships in Four High-Tech Communities.” Information, Communication & Society 5, no. 1 (2002): 90–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B. “‘Who Is an Entrepreneur?’ Is the Wrong Question.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 12, no. 4 (1988): 11–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, Rosalind. “Cool, Creative and Egalitarian? Exploring Gender in Project-Based New Media Work in Europe.” Information, Communication & Society 5, no. 1 (2002): 70–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, Rosalind, and Andy C. Pratt. “In the Social Factory? Immaterial Labor, Precariousness and Cultural Work.” Theory, Culture & Society 25, no. 7–8 (2008): 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, Mark. “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited.” Sociological Theory 1 (1983): 201–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg, Melissa. “Thanks for the Ad(d): Neoliberalism’s Compulsory Friendship.” Talk given at Goldsmiths College, University of London, July 2006. https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/politicalfeeling/files/2007/09/thanks4adddraft.pdf.

  • Hitt, Michael A., Ho-Uk Lee, and Emre Yucel. “The Importance of Social Capital to the Management of Multinational Enterprises: Relational Networks among Asian and Western Firms.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 19, no. 2, 3 (2002): 353–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jayawarna, Dilani, Oswald Jones, and Allan Macpherson. “Entrepreneurial Potential: The Role of Human and Cultural Capitals.” International Small Business Journal 32, no. 8 (2014): 918–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kao, Ying-Chao, and Herng-Dar Bih. “Masculinity in Ambiguity: Constructing Taiwanese Masculine Identities between Great Powers.” In Masculinities in a Global Era, edited by Joseph Gelfer, 175–91. New York: Springer, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelan, Elisabeth K. “Emotions in a Rational Profession: The Gendering of Skills in ICT Work.” Gender, Work & Organization 15, no. 1 (2007): 49–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Zong-Rong, and Ming-yi Chang. “Keeping Up with the Family? A Longitudinal Analysis of Kinship Networks and Performance of Intercorporate Alliances.” Paper presented at Globalisation, Market Transformation and Taiwan Corporations Conference, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, June 3, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung, Wing-Fai. “The Strengths of Close Ties: Taiwanese Online Entrepreneurship, Gender and Intersectionality.” Information, Communication & Society 19, no. 8 (2016): 1046–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mungai, Edward, and S. Ramakrishna Velamuri. “Parental Entrepreneurial Role Model Influence on Male Offspring: Is It Always Positive and When Does It Occur?” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 35, no. 2 (2011): 337–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, Ramon H. “The Economic Transformation of the Republic of China on Taiwan.” The China Journal no. 99 (1984): 500–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neff, Gina. Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries. Boston, MA: MIT, 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ong, Aihwa. Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, Andy. C. “New Media, the New Economy and New Spaces.” Geoforum 31, no. 4 (2000): 425–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redding, Gordon, and Michael A. Witt. The Future of Chinese Capitalism Choices and Chances. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, Andrew. Nice Work if You can Get it: Life and Labor in Precarious Times. New York: New York University Press, 2009.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, Yolanda, Tom Dean, and Jesse F. Dillard. “Entrepreneurship as the Nexus of Individual and Opportunity: A Structuration View.” Journal of Business Venturing 21, no. 3 (2006): 286–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaver, Kelly G. and Linda R. Scott. “Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Winter (1991): 23–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, David. “The Properties of Entrepreneurship.” In Entrepreneurship, edited by David Stokes, Nicholas Wilson, Nicholas, and Martha Mador, 28–49. London: Cengage, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Taiwan Revitalizes Spirit of Entrepreneurship.” Taiwan Insights, 2013. Accessed June 15, 2014, http://www.taiwaninsights.com/tag/taiwans-entrepreneurs/.

  • Tocci, Jason. “Geek Cultures: Media and Identity in the Digital Age.” Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G., B. Kogut, and W. Shan. “Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Network.” Organization Science 8, no. 2 (1997): 109–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werbel, James D., and Sharon M. Danes. “Work Family Conflict in New Business Commitment to the New Business Venture.” Journal of Small Business Management 48, no. 3 (2010): 421–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittel, Andreas. “Towards a Network Sociality.” Theory Culture & Society 18, no. 6 (2001): 51–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, Siu-lun. “Chinese Entrepreneurs and Business Trust.” In Asian Business Networks, edited by Gary G. Hamilton, 13–26. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, Siu-lun. “The Chinese Family Firm: A Model.” The British Journal of Sociology 36, no. 1 (2014): 58–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodfield, Ruth. “Woman and Information Systems Development: Not Just a Pretty (Inter)Face?” Information Technology & People 15, no. 2 (2002): 119–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wreyford, Natalie. “The Real Cost of Childcare: Motherhood and Project-Based Creative Labour in the UK Film Industry.” Studies in the Maternal 5, no. 2 (2013). http://www.mamsie.bbk.ac.uk/documents/Wreyford_SiM_5(2)2013.pdf.

  • Wu, Rong-I, and Chung-Che Huang. “Entrepreneurship in Taiwan: Turning Point to Restart.” In Entrepreneurship in Asia, 1–17. Washington, DC: The Mansfield Foundation, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, Kuang Shih, and Li-Chin Tsao. “A Network Analysis of Ownership Succession of Family Owned Business.” Journal of Management 13, no. 2 (1996): 197–225.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wing-Fai Leung .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Leung, WF. (2019). Family Metaphor, the Geek and the Entrepreneurial Ideal. In: Digital Entrepreneurship, Gender and Intersectionality. Dynamics of Virtual Work. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97523-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97523-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97522-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97523-8

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics