Skip to main content

Incidence of Motion Sickness

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Motion Sickness

Abstract

Now that we have a basic understanding of what the term “motion sickness” means and how it affects the individual, we can examine the problem in more detail. We shall begin by getting a feel for just how common motion sickness has been found to occur in various forms of provocative motion. I am sure that these numbers will convince you that this response is prevalent across the population. This in itself would support what I said in the last chapter, namely, that this is a perfectly normal protective response and we should not be surprised at the high incidence that is associated with the various modes of transport. It should also alert us to the fact that motion sickness can have a significant effect on crew performance and operational efficiency. Although I seem to stress the military situation, one must not forget that this malady is also equally common in both commercial and social settings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Applebee TR, Baitis EA (1984) Sea keeping investigation of the U.S. Coast Guard 270 ft medium endurance cutter Bear (WMEC 901). Report DTN SRDC/SPD-1120-01, David Taylor Naval Ship Research Center, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

  • Applebee TR, McNamara TM, Baitis EA (1980) Investigation into the sea-keeping characteristics of the U.S. Coast Guard 140 ft WTGB class cutters: sea trial aboard the USCGC Mobile Bay. Report DTN SRDC/SPD0938-01, David Taylor Naval Ship Research Center, Ship Performance Department, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow LN (ed) (1946) Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle. Philosophical Library, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck BG, Nicogossian AE (1992) Use of injectable Promethazine to decrease symptom scores of space motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 63:387

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson AJ (1978) Motion sickness. In: Dhenin G, Ernsting J (eds) Aviation medicine: physiological and human factors. Tri-Med Books Ltd., London

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson AJ (1988) Motion sickness. In: Ernsting J, King P (eds) Aviation medicine, 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Brand JJ, Colquhoun WP, Perry WLM (1968) Side-effect of l-hyoscine and cyclizine studied by objective tests. Aerosp Med 39:999–1002

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan G, Moochhala SM, Zhao B, Yeo W, Wong J (2006) Int Marit Health 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Chinn HI (1951) Motion sickness in the military service. Mil Surg 108:20–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Chinn HI, Smith PK (1953) Motion sickness. Pharmacol Rev 7:33

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowings PS, Toscano WB, Kamiya J, Miller NE, Sharp JC (1988) Autogenic feedback training as a preventive method for space adaptation syndrome on Space-Lab 3. Aviat Space Environ Med 59:481 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis JR, Vanderploeg JM, Stewart DF, Santy PA, Logan JS (1988a) Summary of motion sickness experience on 24 shuttle flights. Aviat Space Environ Med 59:467 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis JR, Vanderploeg JM, Santy PA, Jennings RT, Stewart DF (1988b) Space motion sickness during 24 flights of the space shuttle. Aviat Space Environ Med 59:1185–1189

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobie TG (1974) Airsickness in aircrew. AGARDOGRAPH No. 177, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for aerospace research and development, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobie TG, May JG, Fisher WD, Bologna NB (1989) An evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy for training resistance to visually-induced motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 60:307–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Goto D, Kanda H (1977) Motion sickness incidence in the actual environment. In: Proceedings of the United Kingdom Informal Group meeting on human response to vibration, UOP Bostrom, Northampton, 7–9 Sept 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway A (1946) Selection of men for aeronautical training based on susceptibility to motion sickness. J Aviat Med 17:153

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway A, Green EL (1945) Incidence of airsickness in cadets during their first ten flights. Project 170, report no. 5, AAF School of Aviation Medicine, Randolph Field, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Hettinger LJ, Berbaum KS, Kennedy RS, Dunlap WP, Nolan ND (1990) Vection and simulator sickness. Milit Psychol 2(3):171–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill J (1936) The care of the sea-sick. Br Med J II:802–807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hixson WC, Guedry FE, Holtzman GL, Lentz JM, O’Connell PF (1980) Airsickness during naval flight officer training: advanced squadron VT86-AJN. NAMRL-1267, Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Pensacola

    Google Scholar 

  • Hixson WC, Guedry FE, Lentz JM, Holtzman GL (1983) Airsickness during naval flight officer training: fleet readiness squadrons. NAMRL1305, Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Pensacola

    Google Scholar 

  • Homick JL (1979) Space motion sickness. Acta Astronau 1259–1272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homick JL, Reschke MF, Vanderploeg JM (1984) Space adaptation syndrome: incidence and operational implications for the space transportation system program. In: Motion sickness: mechanisms, prediction, prevention and treatment. AGARD conference proceedings no. 372, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for aerospace research and development, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, vol 36, pp 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings RT, Davis JR, Santy PA (1988) Comparison of aerobic fitness and space motion sickness during the shuttle program. Aviat Space Environ Med 59:448–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson WH, Mayne JW (1953) Stimulus required to produce motion sickness: restriction of head movement as a preventative of airsickness—field studies on airborne troops. J Aviat Med 24(400–411):452

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson WH, Stubbs RA, Kelk GF, Franks WR (1951) Stimulus required to produce motion sickness. 1. Preliminary report dealing with importance of head movements. J Aviat Med 22:365–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan I (1964) Motion sickness on railroads. Ind Med Surg 33(1):648–651

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Frank LH, McCauley ME, Bittner AC, Root RW, Binks TA (1984) Simulator sickness: reaction to a transformed perceptual world VI. Preliminary site surveys. In: Motion sickness: mechanisms, prediction, prevention and treatment, AGARD-CP-372, NATO/AGARD, Neuilly-sur-Seine, pp 34, 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Lilienthal MG, Baltzley DR, McCauley ME (1989) Simulator sickness in US Navy flight simulators. Aviat Space Environ Med 60(1):10–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Hettinger LJ, Lilienthal MG (1990) Simulator sickness. In: Crampton GH (ed) Motion and space sickness. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, pp 317–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Smith MS, Jones SA (1991) Variables affecting simulator sickness: report of a semi-automatic scoring system. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on aviation psychology, Columbus

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Lane NE, Lilienthal MG, Berbaum KS, Hettinger LJ (1992) Profile analysis of simulator sickness symptoms: application to virtual environment symptoms. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ 1(3):295–301 (The Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Lane NE, Berbaum KS, Lilienthal MG (1993) A simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ): a new method for quantifying simulator sickness. Int J Aviat Psychol 3(3):203–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolasinski EM (1995) Simulator sickness in virtual environments. Technical report 1027, U.S. Army Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, May 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawther A, Griffin MJ (1986) The motion of a ship at sea and the consequent motion sickness amongst passengers. Ergonomics 29(4):535–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawther A, Griffin MJ (1988) A survey of the occurrence of motion sickness amongst passengers at sea. Aviat Space Environ Med 59:399–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Lederer LG, Kidera GG (1954) Passenger comfort in commercial air travel with reference to motion sickness. Int Med 167:661–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindseth PD, Lindseth GN (1992) Assessing for pre-flight predictor of airsickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 63:908–913

    Google Scholar 

  • Littauer DI (1943) Service trials of therapeutic substances. National Research Council of Canada. Minutes of the sixth meeting, sub-committee on motion sickness

    Google Scholar 

  • Llano GA (1955) Airmen against the sea: an analysis of sea survival experiences. ADTIC Publication G-104, Montgomery, AL, Research Studies Institute, Maxwell Air Force Base

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucertini M, Lugli V, Casagrande M, Travelloni P (2008) Effects of airsickness in male and female student pilots; adaptation rates and 4-year outcomes. Aviat Space Environ Med 79:677–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCauley ME, Royal JW, Wylie CD, O’Hanlon JF, Mackie RR (1976) Motion sickness incidence: exploratory studies of habituation, pitch and roll, and the refinement of a mathematical model. Technical report no. 1733-2, Human Factors Research, Incorporated, Santa Barbara Research Park, Goleta, CA, April 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough FE (1943) Committee on aviation medicine. Report no. 181, National Research Council, July 1943

    Google Scholar 

  • Money KE (1970) Motion sickness. Physiol Rev 50:1–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Money KE (1991) Simulator sickness. In: Motion sickness: significance in aerospace operations and prophylaxis. AGARD-LS-175. NATO/AGARD, Neuilly-sur-Seine. 6B, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Money KE, Myles WS (1975) Motion sickness and other vestibulo-gastric illnesses. In: Naunton RF (ed) The vestibular system. Academic Press Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Naval Medical Information Center (1996) Letter serial 42hg/0130-96, dated 30 July 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Hanlon JF, McCauley ME (1974) Motion sickness incidence as a function of the frequency of acceleration of vertical sinusoidal motion. Aerosp Med 45(4):366–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Oman CM, Lichtenberg BK, Money KE (1984) Space motion sickness monitoring experiment: spacelab 1. In: Motion sickness: mechanisms, prediction, prevention and treatment. AGARD conference proceedings no. 372, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for aerospace research and development, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, vol 35, pp 1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Park J (1943) Airsickness in gliders. British Flying Personnel Research Committee. Report no. 510

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrin P, Lion A, Bosser G, Gauchard G, Meistelman C (2013) Motion sickness in rally car co-drivers. Aviat Space Environ Med 84:473–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pethybridge RJ (1982) Sea sickness incidence in Royal Navy ships. INM Report 37/82, Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport

    Google Scholar 

  • Reason JT (1967) Relationships between motion after-effects, motion sickness susceptibility and receptivity. PhD thesis, University of Leicester

    Google Scholar 

  • Reason JT, Brand JJ (1975) Motion sickness. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Reason JT, Diaz E (1971) Simulator sickness in passive observers. Ministry of Defence (Air Force Department), Flying Personnel Research Committee, FPRC/1310

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan EC, Price KR (1994) The frequency of occurrence and severity of side-effects of immersion virtual reality. Aviat Space Environ Med 65:527–530

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin HJ (1942) Airsickness in a primary air force training detachment. J Aviat Med 13:272–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryback RS, Rudd RE, Matz GJ, Jennings CL (1970) Motion sickness in USAF flying personnel. Aerosp Med 41:672–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele JE (1968) The symptomatology of motion sickness. In: NASA SP-187. Fourth symposium on the role of the vestibular organs in space exploration, Naval Aerospace Medical Institute, Pensacola, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • Strongin TS, Charlton SG (1991) Motion sickness in operational bomber crews. Aviat Space Environ Med 62:57–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner M, Griffin MJ (1995) Motion sickness incidence during a round-the-world yacht race. Aviat Space Environ Med 66:849–856

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner M, Griffin MJ (1999) Motion sickness in public road transport: passenger behaviour and susceptibility. Ergonomics 42:444–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner M, Griffin MJ, Holland I (2000) Airsickness and aircraft motion during short-haul flights. Aviat Space Environ Med 71:11811189

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler DB (1946) Influence of placebo, body position and medication on motion sickness. Am J Physiol 146:450–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler DB, Bard P (1949) Motion sickness. Physiol Rev 311–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters JD (1964) Motion sickness. J Philippine Fed Private Med Pract 13:789–796

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiker SF, Kennedy RS, McCauley ME, Pepper RL (1979a) Susceptibility to seasickness: influence of hull design and steaming direction. Aviat Space Environ Med 50:1046–1051

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiker SF, Kennedy RS, McCauley ME, Pepper RL (1979b) Reliability, validity and application of an improved scale for assessment of motion sickness severity. USCG technical report no. CG-D 29–79, U.S. Coast Guard Office of Research and Development, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Witmer B, Lampton D (2000) Simulator sickness in virtual environments. Hum Syst IAC Gateway XI(2):16–17

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas G. Dobie OBE, MD, PhD, DSc .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dobie, T.G. (2019). Incidence of Motion Sickness. In: Motion Sickness. Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97493-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97493-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97492-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97493-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics