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Human Security Norms in East Asia pp 273–294Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

What Is at Stake in Localizing Human Security Norms in the ASEAN+3?: A Comparative Analysis of 11 Qualitative Regional Review Surveys

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Part of the book series: Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia ((SDHRP))

Abstract

This chapter provides a comparative analysis of the 11 case studies in the book. Overall, the most conspicuous finding is a peculiar interaction between the people and the state, in which generalized paternalism and expectations that the state will take care of the needs of the people are often embraced. While this could be viewed as a feature of Eastern political culture, as several authors suggest, the chapter proposes different explanations that can be extracted from the survey. From the perspective of the study of human security theory and practice, it is somewhat surprising to find scarce and conflicting elaborations of empowerment and its relationship with protection; that being said, overall it is comforting to find support for pragmatism over conceptual distinctions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    I have suggested elsewhere that this may also have been the case in Latin American countries (Gomez 2015), as part of what Huntington (1991) called the third wave of democratization.

  2. 2.

    For instance, in the management of crises (Gomez 2014).

  3. 3.

    The only different answer is discussed in Sect. 13.5.

  4. 4.

    National human development reports using human security to understand countries in transition have also shown this particular emphasis on welfare—Chile (UNDP 1998) and Macedonia (UNDP 2001).

  5. 5.

    Self-sufficiency, together with communitarianism, is also a value pushed through the Ministry of Human Security in Thailand, and it is part of the Japanese Development Assistance Charter.

  6. 6.

    Interestingly, the private sector company interviewed in Chap. 5 on Japan is involved in human security through its corporate social responsibility strategy.

  7. 7.

    Thanks to Professor Maria Ela L. Atienza, University of the Philippines, Diliman, for this clarification.

  8. 8.

    This connection in the region has been discussed in relevant detail by Umegaki (2009).

  9. 9.

    Another framing of this kind of threats is “the dark side of development,” which is commonly used through the global Human Development Reports to understand human security in relation to human development; see Gomez et al. (2016).

  10. 10.

    These are of course not totally unrelated to development but, for the sake of the analysis, I treat them separately.

  11. 11.

    In Gomez et al. (2013) and Gomez and Gasper (2013) we identify the strengths and limitations of different approaches to human security reporting.

  12. 12.

    For a discussion on constitutive norms, see Katzenstein (1996).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Tokyo, Japan

    Oscar A. Gómez

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  1. Oscar A. Gómez
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Correspondence to Oscar A. Gómez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan

    Yoichi Mine

  2. Research Institute, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Tokyo, Japan

    Oscar A. Gómez  & Ako Muto  & 

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Gómez, O.A. (2019). What Is at Stake in Localizing Human Security Norms in the ASEAN+3?: A Comparative Analysis of 11 Qualitative Regional Review Surveys. In: Mine, Y., Gómez, O.A., Muto, A. (eds) Human Security Norms in East Asia. Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97247-3_13

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