Skip to main content

Fetal Vascular Thrombosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pathology of the Placenta

Abstract

Fetal-side placental vascular thrombi are not uncommon findings and hold considerable clinical relevance as they have been associated with fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. This includes fetal death, growth restriction and significant neurological compromise. This chapter, along with its counterpart on histology (Chap. 25), reviews the diagnostic findings for large vessel thrombi in the fetal circulation of the placenta.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Avagliano L, Marconi AM, Candiani M, Barbera A, Bulfamante G. Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels revisited. An observational study of 317 consecutive autopsies at a single institution. Hum Pathol. 2010;41:971–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Strong TH Jr, Jarles DL, Vega JS, Feldman DB. The umbilical coiling index. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:29–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. van Diik CC, Franx A, de Laat MW, Bruinse HW, Visser GH, Nikkels PG. The umbilical coiling index in normal pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;11:280–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. de Laat MW, Franx A, Bots ML, Visser GH, Nikkels PG. Umbilical coiling index in normal and complicated pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107:1049–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Khong TY. Evidence-based pathology: umbilical cord coiling. Pathology. 2010;42:618–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Patil NS, Kulkarni SR, Lohitashwa R. Umbilical cord coiling index and perinatal outcome. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:1675–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Ernst LM, Minturn L, Huang MH, Curry E, Su EJ. Gross patterns of umbilical cord coiling: correlations with placental histology and stillbirth. Placenta. 2013;34:583–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Vern TZ, Alles AJ, Kowal-Vern A, Longtine J, Roberts DJ. Frequency of factor V (Leiden) and prothrombin G20210A in placentas and their relationship with placental lesions. Hum Pathol. 2000;31:1036–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Daskalakis G, Marinopoulos S, Krielesi V, Papapanagiotou A, Papantoniou N, Mesogitis S, et al. Placental pathology in women with gestational diabetes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87:403–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Takeuchi A, Benirschke K. Renal venous thrombosis of the newborn and its relation to maternal diabetes. Report of 16 cases. Biol Neonat. 1961;3:237–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Heifetz SA. Thrombosis of the umbilical cord: analysis of 52 cases and literature review. Pediatr Pathol. 1988;8:37–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sato Y, Benirschke K. Umbilical arterial thrombosis with vascular wall necrosis: clinicopathologic findings of 11 cases. Placenta. 2006;27:715–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chisholm KM, Heerema-McKenney A. Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: significance in liveborn children using proposed Society for Pediatric Pathology diagnostic criteria. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39:274–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chan JS, Baergen RN. Gross umbilical cord complications are associated with placental lesions of circulatory stasis and fetal hypoxia. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2012;15:487–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ariel I, Anteby E, Hamani Y, Redline RW. Placental pathology in fetal thrombophilia. Hum Pathol. 2004;35:729–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Beeksma FA, Erwich JJ, Khong TY. Placental fetal vascular thrombosis lesions and maternal thrombophilia. Pathology. 2012;44:24–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shilling C, Walsh C, Downey P, Mooney E. Umbilical artery thrombosis is a rare but clinically important finding: a series of 7 cases with clinical outcomes. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2014;17:89–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rashish G, Paes BA, Nagel K, Chan AK, Thomas S; Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Newborns (THiN) Group. Spontaneous neonatal arterial thromboembolism: infants at risk, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2013;24:787–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Saleemuddin A, Tantbirojn P, Sirois K, Crum CP, Boyd TK, Tworoger S, et al. Obstetric and perinatal complications in placentas with fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2010;13:459–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Redline R. Cerebral palsy in term infants: a clinicopathologic analysis of 158 medicolegal case reviews. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2008;11:456–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Giacchetti L, De Gaudenzi M, Leoncini A, Ferrucci E, Pezzoli V, Albisetti M. Neonatal renal and inferior vena cava thrombosis associated with fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2017;11:248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Bernson-Leung ME, Boyd TK, Meserve EE, Danehy AR, Kapur K, Terenor CC III, et al. Placental pathology in neonatal stroke: a retrospective case-control study. J Pediatr. 2018;195:39–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Leistra-Leistra MJ, Timmer A, van Spronsen FJ, Geven WB, van der Meer J, Erwich JJ. Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta: a thrombophilic connection between pregnancy complications and neonatal thrombosis? Placenta. 2004;25(Suppl A):S102–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Magnetti F, Bagna R, Botta G, Viano A, Dorati G, Raia M, et al. Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy and perinatal thrombosis: should all placentas be examined? Am J Perinatol. 2014;31:695–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Drucilla J. Roberts .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Roberts, D.J., Boyd, T.K., Kelehan, P., Heerema-McKenney, A. (2019). Fetal Vascular Thrombosis. In: Khong, T., Mooney, E., Nikkels, P., Morgan, T., Gordijn, S. (eds) Pathology of the Placenta. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97214-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97214-5_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97213-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97214-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics