Abstract
Music treatments addressed to individuals with autism are usually aimed at enhancing social skills. To do so, musical activities are paired with a series of underlying competencies to be acquired. This chapter focuses on some of these basic competencies, such as the detection of the congruence between the emotional valence of music and the mood states it elicits, the identification of the relationships between the sounds (hearing) and the motor acts (vision) which produced them, the ability to mirror the partner’s mental state through the production of musical acts. Experimental findings supporting the notion that these basic competencies can be acquired or refined by people with autism, as well as the outcomes of music treatments focused on those skills, are reported and discussed in the chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Accordino, R., Comer, R., & Heller, W. B. (2007). Searching for music’s potential: A critical examination of research on music therapy with individuals with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 101–115.
Allen, R., Hill, E., & Heaton, P. (2009). Hath charms to soothe…’ An exploratory study of how high-functioning adults with ASD experience music. Autism, 13, 21–41.
American Music Therapy Association. (2012). Music therapy as a treatment modality for autism spectrum disorders. Retrieved from http://www.musictherapy.org/assets/1/7/MT_Autism_2012.pdf.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Arbib, M. A. (2008). From grasp to language: Embodied concepts and the challenge of abstraction. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 102, 4–20.
Bangert, M., Peschel, T., Schlaug, G., Rotte, M., Drescher, D., Hinrichs, H., … & Altenmüller, E. (2006). Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: Evidence from fMRI conjunction. Neuroimage, 30, 917–926.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 248–254.
Baron‐Cohen, S., Campbell, R., Karmiloff‐Smith, A., Grant, J., & Walker, J. (1995). Are children with autism blind to the mentalistic significance of the eyes?. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(4), 379–398.
Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2003). Motion perception in autism: A “complex” issue. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 218–225.
Besson, M., & Schön, D. (2001). Comparison between language and music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 232–258.
Bishop, D. V. (2008). Specific language impairment, dyslexia, and autism: Using genetics to unravel their relationship. In C. F. Norbury, J. B. Tomblin, & D. V. Bishop (Eds.), Understanding developmental language disorders: From theory to practice (pp. 67–78). London: Psychology Press.
Dapretto, M., Davies, M. S., Pfeifer, J. H., Scott, A. A., Sigman, M., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Iacoboni, M. (2006). Understanding emotions in others: Mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nature neuroscience, 9, 28.
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., & Liaw, J. (2004). Early social attention impairments in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress. Developmental psychology, 40(2), 271.
De Marchi, G., Benatti, D., Traficante, D., & Antonietti, A. (2009). Musicoterapia e contatto oculare nell’autismo. Analisi di un caso [Music therapy and gaze in autism. A case study]. Autismo e Disturbi dello Sviluppo, 7, 83–96.
DeMyer, M. K., Alpern, G. D., Barton, S., DeMyer, W. E., Churchill, D. W., Hingtgen, J. N., … & Kimberlin, C. (1972). Imitation in autistic, early schizophrenic, and non-psychotic subnormal children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 2(3), 264–287.
Dirito, F., & Stevens, D. (2010). Assessment of perception and discrimination of different aspects of music in individuals with ASD (Unpublished Dissertation). Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995). Motor facilitation during action observation: A magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 2608–2611.
Faras, H., Al Ateeqi, N., & Tidmarsh, L. (2010). Autism spectrum disorders. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 30, 295.
Forti, S., Bonfanti, A., Molteni, S., Crippa, A., Antonietti, A., & Molteni, M. (2012). Soundbeam imitation intervention: Training children with autism to imitate meaningless body gestures through music (Unpublished report).
Gold, C., Wigram, T., & Elefant, C. (2006). Music therapy for autistic spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), (2).
Grèzes, J., Armony, J. L., Rowe, J., & Passingham, R. E. (2003). Activations related to “mirror” and “canonical” neurons in the human brain: An fMRI study. Neuroimage, 18, 928–937.
Hadjikhani, N., Joseph, R. M., Snyder, J., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2007). Abnormal activation of the social brain during face perception in autism. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 441–449.
Happé, F. G. (1995). The role of age and verbal ability in the theory of mind task performance of subjects with autism. Child Development, 66, 843–855.
Heaton, P. (2003). Pitch memory, labelling and disembedding in autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 543–551.
Heaton, P. (2005). Interval and contour processing in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 787.
Heaton, P., Allen, R., Williams, K., Cummins, O., & Happé, F. (2008). Do social and cognitive deficits curtail musical understanding? Evidence from autism and Down syndrome. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26, 171–182.
Heaton, P., Hermelin, B., & Pring, L. (1999). Can children with autistic spectrum disorders perceive affect in music? An experimental investigation. Psychological medicine, 29(6), 1405–1410.
Heaton, P., Pring, L., & Hermelin, B. (2001). Musical processing in high functioning children with autism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 443–444.
Hirstein, W., Iversen, P., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2001). Autonomic responses of autistic children to people and objects. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 268(1479), 1883–1888.
Iacoboni, M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653–670.
Iacoboni, M., Koski, L. M., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Woods, R. P., Dubeau, M. C., … & Rizzolatti, G. (2001). Reafferent copies of imitated actions in the right superior temporal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(24), 13995–13999.
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 286(5449), 2526–2528.
Ingersoll, B. (2010). Brief report: Pilot randomized controlled trial of reciprocal imitation training for teaching elicited and spontaneous imitation to children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1154–1160.
Ingersoll, B. (2012). Brief report: Effect of a focused imitation intervention on social functioning in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 1768–1773.
Ingersoll, B., & Gergans, S. (2007). The effect of a parent-implemented imitation intervention on spontaneous imitation skills in young children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28, 163–175.
Ingersoll, B., & Lalonde, K. (2010). The impact of object and gesture imitation training on language use in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 1040–1051.
Ingersoll, B., Lewis, E., & Kroman, E. (2007). Teaching the imitation and spontaneous use of descriptive gestures in young children with autism using a naturalistic behavioral intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1446–1456.
Ingersoll, B., Meyer, K., Bonter, N., & Jelinek, S. (2012). A comparison of developmental social–pragmatic and naturalistic behavioral interventions on language use and social engagement in children with autism. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55, 1301–1313.
Ingersoll, B., & Schreibman, L. (2006). Teaching reciprocal imitation skills to young children with autism using a naturalistic behavioral approach: Effects on language, pretend play, and joint attention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 487.
Jackendoff, R. (2009). Parallels and nonparallels between language and music. Music Perception, 26, 195–204.
Jones, A. P., Happé, F. G., Gilbert, F., Burnett, S., & Viding, E. (2010). Feeling, caring, knowing: Different types of empathy deficit in boys with psychopathic tendencies and autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 1188–1197.
Kim, J., Wigram, T., & Gold, C. (2009). Emotional, motivational and interpersonal responsiveness of children with autism in improvisational music therapy. Autism, 13, 389–409.
Kimura, D., & Archibald, Y. (1974). Motor functions of the left hemisphere. Brain, 97, 337–350.
Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of general psychiatry, 59(9), 809–816.
Kolb, B., & Gibb, R. (2011). Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 265.
Kraemer, H. C., & Kupfer, D. J. (2006). Size of treatment effects and their importance to clinical research and practice. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 990–996.
Lahav, A., Saltzman, E., & Schlaug, G. (2007). Action representation of sound: Audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly acquired actions. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 308–314.
Lundqvist, L. O., Andersson, G., & Viding, J. (2009). Effects of vibroacoustic music on challenging behaviors in individuals with autism and developmental disabilities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 390–400.
Malloch, S. E., & Trevarthen, C. E. (2009). Communicative musicality: Exploring the basis of human companionship. London: Oxford University Press.
Martineau, J., Andersson, F., Barthélémy, C., Cottier, J. P., & Destrieux, C. (2010). Atypical activation of the mirror neuron system during perception of hand motion in autism. Brain Research, 1320, 168–175.
Mashal, N., Solodkin, A., Dick, A., Chen, E. E., & Small, S. L. (2012). A network model of observation and imitation of speech. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 84.
Milne, E., Swettenham, J., Hansen, P., Campbell, R., Jeffries, H., & Plaisted, K. (2002). High motion coherence thresholds in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 255–263.
Molnar-Szakacs, I., & Heaton, P. (2012). Music: A unique window into the world of autism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1252, 318–324.
Montgomery, C. B., Allison, C., Lai, M. C., Cassidy, S., Langdon, P. E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2016). Do adults with high functioning autism or Asperger Syndrome differ in empathy and emotion recognition? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 1931–1940.
Mottron, L., Dawson, M., & Soulières, I. (2009). Enhanced perception in savant syndrome: Patterns, structure and creativity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1385–1391.
Mottron, L., Peretz, I., & Menard, E. (2000). Local and global processing of music in high-functioning persons with autism: Beyond central coherence? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 1057–1065.
Nobile, M., Perego, P., Piccinini, L., Mani, E., Rossi, A., Bellina, M., & Molteni, M. (2011). Further evidence of complex motor dysfunction in drug naive children with autism using automatic motion analysis of gait. Autism, 15, 263–283.
Oberman, L. M., Hubbard, E. M., McCleery, J. P., Altschuler, E. L., Ramachandran, V. S., & Pineda, J. A. (2005). EEG evidence for mirror neuron dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Cognitive Brain Research, 24, 190–198.
Oberman, L. M., Ramachandran, V. S., & Pineda, J. A. (2008). Modulation of mu suppression in children with autism spectrum disorders in response to familiar or unfamiliar stimuli: The mirror neuron hypothesis. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1558–1565.
Plaisted, K., O’Riordan, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1998). Enhanced discrimination of novel, highly similar stimuli by adults with autism during a perceptual learning task. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 39, 765–775.
Rapp, J. T. (2007). Further evaluation of methods to identify matched stimulation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 73–88.
Reschke-Hernández, A. E. (2011). History of music therapy treatment interventions for children with autism. Journal of Music Therapy, 48, 169–207.
Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M. A. (1998). Language within our grasp. Trends in Neuroscience, 21, 188–194.
Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M. A. (1999). From grasping to speech: Imitation might provide a missing link: Reply. Trends in Neuroscience, 22, 152.
Rogers, S. J., Bennetto, L., McEvoy, R., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). Imitation and pantomime in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Child Development, 67, 2060–2073.
Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S. L., Stackhouse, T., & Wehner, E. (2003). Imitation performance in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 763–781.
Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (1999). Are individuals with autism and Asperger’s syndrome susceptible to visual illusions? The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40, 1283–1293.
Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2001). Susceptibility to illusions and performance on visuospatial tasks in individuals with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 539–549.
Sallows, G. O., & Graupner, T. D. (2005). Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: Four-year outcome and predictors. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 110, 417–438.
Schutz, M., & Lipscomb, S. (2007). Hearing gestures, seeing music: Vision influences perceived tone duration. Perception, 36, 888–897.
Simpson, K., & Keen, D. (2011). Music interventions for children with autism: Narrative review of the literature. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1507–1514.
Skille, O., & Wigram, T. (2013). The effect of music, vocalisation and vibration on brain and muscle tissue: Studies in vibroacoustic therapy. In T. Wigram, B. Saperston, & R. West (Eds.), The art and science of music therapy: A handbook (pp. 23–57). New York: Routledge.
Small, S. L., Buccino, G., & Solodkin, A. (2012). The mirror neuron system and treatment of stroke. Developmental Psychobiology, 54, 293–310.
Spencer, J., O’brien, J., Riggs, K., Braddick, O., Atkinson, J., & Wattam-Bell, J. (2000). Motion processing in autism: Evidence for a dorsal stream deficiency. Neuroreport, 11(12), 2765–2767.
Stephenson, K., Quintin, E., & South, M. (2015). Age-related differences in response to music-evoked emotion among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46, 1142–1151.
Stone, W. L., Ousley, O. Y., & Littleford, C. D. (1997). Motor imitation in young children with autism: What’s the object? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 475–485.
Sucksmith, E., Allison, C., Baron-Cohen, S., Chakrabarti, B., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2013). Empathy and emotion recognition in people with autism, first-degree relatives, and controls. Neuropsychologia, 51, 98–105.
Tettamanti, M., Buccino, G., Saccuman, M. C., Gallese, V., Danna, M., Scifo, P., … Perani, D. (2005). Listening to action-related sentences activates fronto-parietal motor circuits. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 273–281.
Tomasello, M., Savage-Rumbaugh, S., & Kruger, A. C. (1993). Imitative learning of actions on objects by children, chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees. Child Development, 64, 1688–1705.
Trevarthen, C. (2001). Intrinsic motives for companionship in understanding: Their origin, development, and significance for infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 95–131.
Trevarthen, C., & Daniel, S. (2005). Disorganized rhythm and synchrony: Early signs of autism and Rett syndrome. Brain and Development, 27, S25–S34.
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & De Weerdt, W. (2007). Nature of motor imitation problems in school-aged males with autism: How congruent are the error types? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49, 6–12.
Wigram, T., & Gold, C. (2006). Music therapy in the assessment and treatment of autistic spectrum disorder: Clinical application and research evidence. Child: Care Health and Development, 32, 535–542.
Wild, K. S., Poliakoff, E., Jerrison, A., & Gowen, E. (2010). The influence of goals on movement kinematics during imitation. Experimental Brain Research, 204, 353–360.
Williams, J. H., Whiten, A., & Singh, T. (2004). A systematic review of action imitation in autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 285–299.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Antonietti, A., Colombo, B., DeRocher, B.R. (2018). Enhancing Social Skills in Autism Through Music. In: Music Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97151-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97151-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97150-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97151-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)