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Abstract

While traditional homemaking news clearly existed in the women’s pages, progressive news about women’s changing roles also found its place in these sections. Feminism was a process for both editors and readers. The term could be complex for many people. Women’s changing roles impacted the workplace, families, and homemaking. These issues were commonly ignored or misunderstood by male editors, which meant it rested with the women’s page editors to find ways to address these developments while not alienating those women who wanted to remain in the home.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Rodger Streitmatter, “Slowing the Momentum for Women’s Rights,” in Mightier Than the Sword: How the News Media Have Shaped American History, 4th ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2016), 30–44.

  2. 2.

    Martha Solomon, ed., A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press 1840–1910 (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1991).

  3. 3.

    Streitmatter, “Slowing the Momentum,” 39.

  4. 4.

    Bill Moyers, 1971 Penney-Missouri Magazine Awards Luncheon, November 3, 1971, New York, New York. Available in papers of James Cash Penney, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.

  5. 5.

    Susan Douglas, Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female With the Mass Media (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1995 reprint), 10.

  6. 6.

    Deb Kollars, “Retirement to Punctuate Lifetime of Language,” Miami Herald, June 1, 1986.

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    Gloria Biggs, “To Catch a Woman,” Editorially Speaking, Gannet Group of Newspapers, Vol. 25, 1967, 21, Papers of Gloria Biggs, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  9. 9.

    Marie Anderson, “Letter to Elinor,” August 22, 1969, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  10. 10.

    Ibid.

  11. 11.

    Ann E. Heffernan letter to the Miami Herald, April 8, 1970, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  12. 12.

    Marie Anderson letter to Ann E. Heffernan, April 17, 1970, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  13. 13.

    Ann E. Heffernan letter to the Miami Herald, April 8, 1970, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  14. 14.

    Marie Anderson, “Limb Limbo,” Miami Herald, September 21, 1964, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  15. 15.

    Marie Anderson, “Look Ou-u-u-ut!” Miami Herald, October 31, 1966, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  16. 16.

    Marie Anderson, “It’s a Sticky Situation,” Miami Herald, August 22, 1966, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  17. 17.

    Marie Anderson, “Too Bad Jo’s Just a Girl,” Miami Herald, July 1970, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  18. 18.

    Mrs. L.V. Olson letter to Marie Anderson, July 15, 1970, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  19. 19.

    Marie Anderson letter to Mrs. L.V. Olson, July 27, 1970, Papers of Marie Anderson National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  20. 20.

    Maggie Savoy, “Man’s Primer to Womlib,” Los Angeles Times, November 29, 1970; also in Jim Bellows, The Last Editor: How I Saved the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times from Dullness and Complacency (Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel, 2002), 110. This anecdote was repeated in Savoy, “Maggie Savoy: A Woman’s Voice,” ASNE Bulletin, November–December 1970, 8.

  21. 21.

    Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987), 12.

  22. 22.

    Nancy Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism, 15.

  23. 23.

    Helen Muir “oral history,” Society of Women Geographers, Helen Muir Papers, University of Miami Special Collections, 8.

  24. 24.

    Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era (New York: Basic Books, 1988), 5.

  25. 25.

    Helen Muir, Alison Owen, ed., Baby Grace Sees the Cow: A Memoir (The Prologue Society, 2004), 82.

  26. 26.

    Dorothy and Frank Jurney, “Jurneys’ Jurnal,” Miami, Florida, December 25, 1955, Papers of Dorothy Jurney, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  27. 27.

    Billie O’Day, “Mom Will Wear the Cap and Gown,” Miami News, May 19, 1963.

  28. 28.

    Interview with Carol Sutton, University of Louisville. Oral History Project, July 21, 1982, CD #1, Part 2.

  29. 29.

    Ibid.

  30. 30.

    “Herald’s Women Writers Again Are Judged the Best,” Miami Herald, September 14, 1958.

  31. 31.

    “Herald Women Earn Awards By the Dozen,” Miami Herald, September 9, 1962.

  32. 32.

    “Penney-Missouri Workshop is Another Classic Event,” Southern Advertising and Publishing, April 1967, 15–16.

  33. 33.

    “Gloria Biggs Named Times Publisher,” (Cocoa, Florida) Today, March 1, 1973.

  34. 34.

    Juan Williams, Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years 1954–1965 (New York: Penguin, 1988), 135.

  35. 35.

    David N. Judelson memo to executives, July 13, 1971. Papers of Betty Friedan, carton 27, folder 720. Schlesinger Library.

  36. 36.

    Barbara J. Love, ed., Feminists Who Changed America (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 48.

  37. 37.

    “Rocxy Bolton, A Force for Equality,” The Florida Memory Blog, State Library and Archives of Florida, http://www.floridamemory.com/blog/2018/03/28/roxcy-bolton-and-the-womens-movement-in-florida/.

  38. 38.

    Susan Gillis, Fort Lauderdale: The Venice of America (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004), 135.

  39. 39.

    Clarice Rowlands, “Chiropodist Enjoys Life, Home, Work,” Milwaukee Journal, March 17, 1946.

  40. 40.

    Clarice Rowlands, “Numerous Jobs Await All Graduate Therapists Now,” Milwaukee Journal, April 21, 1946.

  41. 41.

    Career Women: A Series of Vocational Articles (Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Journal, 1947).

  42. 42.

    Career Women, 31.

  43. 43.

    Career Women, 72.

  44. 44.

    Vivian Castleberry, “New Address: Ocean Floor,” Dallas Times Herald, October 31, 1967.

  45. 45.

    Vivian Castleberry, “Navy Ahoy,” Dallas Times Herald, September 8, 1969.

  46. 46.

    Ann Worley, “Habit: Keeping House,” Dallas Times Herald, May 17, 1970.

  47. 47.

    Roberta Applegate, “Care Canaveral: A New World,” Miami Herald, July 3, 1960.

  48. 48.

    Roberta Applegate, “Ellie Knows Her Space Facts – From Monkeys to Catnip,” Miami Herald, July 4, 1960.

  49. 49.

    Roberta Applegate, “Her Missile Base Work’s a Huge ‘Clean-Up’ Chore,” Miami Herald, July 5, 1960.

  50. 50.

    Roberta Applegate, “June Tells Missiles Where to Go,” Miami Herald, July 6, 1960.

  51. 51.

    Roberta Applegate, “Ollie’s a Housekeeper – for Cape Canaveral,” Miami Herald, July 7, 1960.

  52. 52.

    Associated Press, “This Groom is a Girl in Stable Occupation,” Fort Lauderdale News, May 24, 1963.

  53. 53.

    Sheila Clark, “Here Comes the Mailman – Only It Isn’t a Male,” (Cocoa, Florida) TODAY, February 26, 1967.

  54. 54.

    “At Age 35, She Decided to Go to Medical School,” Palm Beach Times, September 21, 1971.

  55. 55.

    “Whether Men Like It or Not, More Women to Become M.D.s,” Palm Beach Times, September 21, 1971.

  56. 56.

    Dorothy Jurney note, October 9, 1988, about Detroit Free Press order for stories. Papers of Dorothy Jurney, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  57. 57.

    Helen Fogel, “GM and Women Today,” Detroit Free Press, April 1972.

  58. 58.

    Helen Fogel, “GM Executive Looks at the Impact of Women Workers,” Detroit Free Press, April 1972.

  59. 59.

    Helen Fogel, “Putting New Rules into Effect,” Detroit Free Press, April 1972.

  60. 60.

    Helen Fogel, “U.S. Industry, Women Head for New Era,” Detroit Free Press, April 1972.

  61. 61.

    Talk by Marjorie Paxson, Penney-Missouri Awards Banquet, March 31, 1966, 4, Papers of the Penney-Missouri Awards, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  62. 62.

    Ibid.

  63. 63.

    Dorothy Jurney, “Women in Journalism Oral History Project,” Washington Press Club Foundation, Session 1, 23.

  64. 64.

    “5,940 Women,” Time, August 24, 1953.

  65. 65.

    “Herald’s Women Writers Again are Judged the Best,” Miami Herald, September 14, 1958.

  66. 66.

    “First Prize for Miss Applegate,” (Lansing, Michigan) State Journal, September 26, 1963.

  67. 67.

    Ann Landers, Ann Landers Talks to Teen-Agers About Sex (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963), 28.

  68. 68.

    “Campus Attitudes on Student Sex Change,” Miami Herald, July 13, 1969.

  69. 69.

    Ibid.

  70. 70.

    Katharine Stokes, “The Best Story Ideas, 1970,” Penney-Missouri Awards Workshops, Papers of the Penney-Missouri Awards, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  71. 71.

    “There’s More to Life Than Having Babies,” Palm Beach Times, September 21, 1971.

  72. 72.

    Carl G. Miller, “Marie Anderson: Winning Awards Had Become a Habit,” Publishers’ Auxiliary, June 12, 1971, 11.

  73. 73.

    “The Desperate Dilemma of Abortion,” Time, October 13, 1967, 4.

  74. 74.

    “Penney-Missouri Awards Tenth Anniversary, 1960–1970, program,” Box 4, Papers of Marie Anderson, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  75. 75.

    See Patricia Bradley, Mass Media and the Shaping of American Feminism, 1963–1975 (University Press of Mississippi, 2003); Susan Brownmiller, In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution (New York: Random House, 1999), 136–166; Laura Ashley and Beth Olson, “Constructing Reality: Print Media’s Framing of the Women’s Movement, 1966–1986,” Journalism and Mass Communications Quarterly, Summer 1998: 263–277.

  76. 76.

    Ashley and Olson, “Constructing Reality,” 263–277.

  77. 77.

    Susan Sachs, “Dean Sees Herself as Late Starter,” Fort Lauderdale News, June 27, 1973.

  78. 78.

    Martha Griffiths letter to Catherine Dutch from Miami, Florida, October 10, 1972, Papers of Martha Griffiths, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.

  79. 79.

    Dorothy Jurney, untitled talk to Knight Ridder newspaper executives, Point Clear, Alabama, 1976. Papers of Dorothy Jurney, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  80. 80.

    Maggie Savoy, “Woman Power Still in Fog Clichés,” Los Angeles Times, November 24, 1969.

  81. 81.

    Maggie Savoy, “Marquis Mocks Feminine Mystique,” Los Angeles Times, November 20, 1969.

  82. 82.

    Maggie Savoy, “Psychologist Wants Equal Status NOW,” Los Angeles Times, February 22, 1970.

  83. 83.

    Maggie Savoy, “Women’s Lib and Adam’s Rib Face to Face,” Los Angeles Times, May 17, 1970.

  84. 84.

    Maggie Savoy, “NOW Lib Group Leader Too Busy to Be Angry,” Los Angeles Times, June 3, 1970.

  85. 85.

    Maggie Savoy, “Women Capture Town Hall Without Firing Shot,” Los Angeles Times, June 10, 1970.

  86. 86.

    Maggie Savoy, “Untitled,” in Anyone Who Enters Here Must Celebrate Maggie, ed. Jim Bellows (Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie Press, 1972), 91.

  87. 87.

    Ibid.

  88. 88.

    Savoy, “Maggie Savoy: A Woman’s Voice,” ASNE Bulletin, November–December 1970, 8.

  89. 89.

    Savoy, “A Woman’s Voice,” 11.

  90. 90.

    KNOW, Inc., was a feminist organization that owned its own press and would print women’s liberation news. Judith Hole and Ellen Levine, Rebirth of Feminism (New York: The New York Times Book Co., 1971), 272.

  91. 91.

    KNOW, Inc. “Reporters You Can Trust,” Papers of Catherine East, Box 16, folder 34, Schlesinger Library, Harvard University.

  92. 92.

    Kelly Tunney, “Untitled,” in Anyone Who Enters Here Must Celebrate Maggie, ed. Jim Bellows (Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie Press, 1972), 31.

  93. 93.

    Vivian Castleberry, “Women in Journalism Oral History Project,” Washington Press Club Foundation, Introduction, transcript, Session 1.

  94. 94.

    Vivian Castleberry, “Biographies of VFA Fabulous Feminists: Vivian Castleberry,” Veteran Feminists of America, accessed May 10, 2018, http://www.veteranfeministsofamerica.org/stories/fabulous-feminist-bios/vivian-castleberry/.

  95. 95.

    Barbara J. Love, ed., Feminists Who Changed America 1963–1975 (Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 77.

  96. 96.

    Joyce Saenz Harris, “They Were There,” Dallas Morning News, February 15, 2004.

  97. 97.

    Anne Kasper, Introduction, “Women in Journalism Oral History Project,” Washington Press Club Foundation.

  98. 98.

    Susan Paynter oral history with Maria McLeod, “ERA Oral History Interview,” Washington State Historical Society, transcript, May 22, 2008, 11, http://www.washingtonhistory.org/files/library/Paynter.pdf.

  99. 99.

    Paynter oral history, 13.

  100. 100.

    Paynter oral history, 21.

  101. 101.

    United Features Syndicate letter to editors, n.d., Papers of Roberta Applegate, National Women and Media Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri.

  102. 102.

    “Saving Lives … One at a Time,” Women in Distress of Broward County, 2003 Annual Report, http://www.womenindistress.org/Docs/02706AnnualReport.pdf.

  103. 103.

    Jennifer Ordonez, “For This Women’s Rights Pioneer, a Life of New Frontiers, Even at 80,” Miami Herald, November 14, 1993.

  104. 104.

    Ibid.

  105. 105.

    Love, Feminists Who Changed, 48.

  106. 106.

    “Better Late …” Time, June 6, 1969.

  107. 107.

    Elizabeth Whitney, “Swamp Sales to Out-of-Towners Was Story of a Lifetime,” St. Petersburg Times, February 18, 1990, 5.

  108. 108.

    Wire Reports, “2,000 Marchers Call on Senate to Approve ERA,” St. Petersburg Times, April 15, 1975.

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Voss, K.W. (2018). Women’s Pages Cover Another F. In: Re-Evaluating Women's Page Journalism in the Post-World War II Era. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96214-6_5

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