Abstract
In this chapter an important element characteristic of territorial inequality is examined: the presence of geographical patterns, that is, the grouping of neighbouring regions into clusters of wealth or poverty. The descriptive evidence provided by the maps is supplemented with spatial autocorrelation statistics to test for the presence of spatial clustering. The analysis aims to identify when exactly the geographical patterns that characterize regional inequality in Spain today took shape. Then some hypotheses as to the causes are established. Finally, the chapter analyses whether the clusters of poor or rich regions continue uninterrupted beyond national borders to include regions of Portugal.
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- 1.
Subindex i denotes the province being studied, while j denotes the remaining provinces.
- 2.
An in-depth analysis of regional inequality in Iberia can be found in Tirado and Badia (2014).
- 3.
This interpretation is provided in Rosés et al. (2010), for example.
- 4.
This methodology has been used extensively in economic history: Wolf (2007) analysed reunified Poland during the interwar years after the First World War; Crafts and Mulatu (2005, 2006) studied the Victorian period in Britain; Klein and Crafts (2012) applied the approach when reexamining the manufacturing belt in the US between 1880 and 1920; Ronsse and Rayp (2016) studied the determinants of manufacturing location in Belgium between 1896 and 1961; Nikolic (2018) focuses on interwar Yugoslavia; and Missiaia (2018) analyses Italy in the period 1871–1911.
- 5.
Combes et al. (2011) carried out a similar analysis for France between 1860, 1930 and 2000. The parameters they estimated suggested that doubling employment density in a French département would result in labour productivity gains of around 5 per cent.
- 6.
This exercise thus contributed to the existing theoretical and empirical NEG debate on the effects of international integration on countries’ internal geography (Hanson 1997; Krugman and Livas-Elizondo 1996; Crozet and Koenig 2004). A similar long-term analysis for Italy can be found in A’Hearn and Venables (2011).
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Díez-Minguela, A., Martinez-Galarraga, J., Tirado-Fabregat, D.A. (2018). Spatial Patterns of Regional Income Inequality Then and Now. In: Regional Inequality in Spain. Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96110-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96110-1_6
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