Abstract
All individual users have their own profile of needs, characteristics, capabilities, and preferences, and this fact needs to be recognized when developing mainstream products, goods and services. For most people the profile of abilities changes substantially throughout the course of their life, as they advance from childhood to adulthood and then into old age. In addition, changing circumstances, accidents, disease and other events frequently have a significant impact on needs, characteristics, capabilities, and preferences. Furthermore, the context of use of products and services can influence users’ needs, characteristics, capabilities, and preferences.
A Design for All approach takes account of human diversity to extend the range of users in the developing of mainstream products and services which includes, older persons and persons with disabilities.
Article 9 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [UNCRPD] (see footnote 1) refers to equal rights of persons with disabilities in the context of “accessibility” and “to enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life” [Art 9(1)].
M/473 (M/473 EN, Standardization Mandate to CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI to include “Design for All” in relevant standardization initiatives [Ref. Ares (2010)578264 – 10/09/2010] http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/mandates/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.detail&id=461ftp://ftp.cencenelec.eu/CEN/Sectors/List/Accessibility/DfAmandate.pdf.), a Standardization mandate issued by the European Commission in 2013 to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI with a request to include accessibility following a “Design for All” approach in mainstream standards. The intent was not to develop specific accessibility standards but to incorporate accessibility in mainstream standards and from an early stage. Early research in this M/473 project informed the work of M/473, that the best approach was to develop a standard which would enable organizations to extend the range of users by identifying diverse needs, characteristics, capabilities, and preferences, by directly or indirectly involving users, and by using knowledge about accessibility in its procedures and processes.
The European standard [FprEN17161] is unique in the standardization arena as it sets out requirements that enable an organization to design, develop and provide products or services so that they can be accessed, understood and used by the widest range of users including persons with disabilities. An environment where products and services are more accessible allows for more inclusion and participation of citizens in society.
Extending the range of users that can access, understand and use a product or service has the potential to benefit a wider range of users in the population including persons with disabilities. Furthermore, the standard supports the proposed “European Directive on Accessibility” (Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States as regards the accessibility requirements for products and services [2015/0278 (COD)].).
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- 1.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) 2008 UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: resolution/adopted by the General Assembly, 24 January 2007, A/RES/61/106.
- 2.
Marks, D Disability: Controversial Debates and Psychosocial Perspectives London, (Routledge) (1999).
- 3.
World Health Organisation (http://www.who.int/disabilities/en/).
- 4.
UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171.
- 5.
UN General Assembly, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 21 December 1965, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, p. 195.
- 6.
UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: resolution/adopted by the General Assembly, 24 January 2007, A/RES/61/106.
- 7.
Ferri, D. & Giannoumis, G.A. 2017, Fostering accessible technology through regulation, Routledge, London; New York.
- 8.
Chen, C., Sato, K. & Lee, K. 2009, “Editorial: Human-centered product design and development”, Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 140–141.
- 9.
ISO 9241-210:2010: Ergonomics of human-system interaction-Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems.
- 10.
M/473 EN, “Standardization Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to Include “Design for All” in Relevant Standardization Initiatives”; (ii) 2008/C 075/01 “Resolution of the Council of the European Union and the representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council of 17 March 2008 on the situation of persons with disabilities in the European Union”; (iii) Rec(2006)5 “Recommendation on the Council of Europe Action Plan to promote the rights and full participation of people with disabilities in society: improving the quality of life of people with disabilities in Europe 2006-2015”; (iv) 2003/C 175/01 “Council Resolution of 15 July 2003 on promoting the employment and social integration of people with disabilities.”
- 11.
See for example COM(2007) 724 “Communication from The Commission to The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of The Regions - A single market for 21st century Europe”; (ii) CM/Rec(2009)8.
- 12.
From Mandate M/473, page 2.
- 13.
From Mandate M/473, page 6.
- 14.
“The design of products, environments, programmes and services to be accessible and usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design”, UNCRPD.
- 15.
CEN/CENELEC Guide 6/ISO Guide 71, Guide for addressing accessibility in standards, (2014).
- 16.
Sharma, S. & Kumar, S. 2017, “Accessible technological devices for people with disabilities: Divyangjan”, Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 799–801.
- 17.
NeumannConsult: “Developing criteria for guiding SMEs aimed at incorporating the design for All concept into corporate practices - Summary of Final Report”, study commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Project No 56/12), 2014.
- 18.
ANEC policy statement on Design for All, 2007.
- 19.
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
- 20.
ETSI Guide. Human Factors (HF); Guidelines for ICT products and services; “Design for All”.
- 21.
FVprEN 17161, Design for All – Accessibility following a Design for All approach in products, goods and services – Extending the range of users.
- 22.
ISO 9001:2915, Quality Management Systems – Requirements.
- 23.
EN ISO 9241: Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
- 24.
CEN-CENELEC Guide 6: Guide for addressing accessibility in standards.
- 25.
CEN/CENELEC Guide 6/ISO Guide 71, Guide for addressing accessibility in standards.
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O’Ferrall, E. (2019). Accessibility of Products and Services Following a Design for All Approach in Standards. In: Bagnara, S., Tartaglia, R., Albolino, S., Alexander, T., Fujita, Y. (eds) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). IEA 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 824. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96071-5_158
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