Abstract
Alkali (NaOH) hydrolysis and low-temperature thermal treatment were applied to digested sludge for the recovery and release of PO4 3− and NH4 +. The Box-Behnken design was applied in the hydrolysis using 0.5M NaOH for the optimization of the conditions that affect the nutrients and metal release from digested sludge. PO4 3− release was positively associated with decreasing liquid/solid ratio and increasing temperature. Moreover, Ca, Fe, and Zn releases also increase with increasing temperature. However, the temperature did not have any effect on NH4 + release. An optimal condition for the release of nutrients and metals was obtained at a liquid/solid ratio of 10/1 (mL/g), a temperature of 40 °C, and a reaction time of 40 min. In this optimal condition, the concentrations of PO4 3− and NH4 + released were 921.00 and 819.15 mg/L, respectively. The removal rates of PO4 3− and NH4 + from hydrolyzed sludge liquid by struvite crystallization were 95.27% and 77.95% in this condition. Struvite obtained had low Ca, Fe, and Al content. The produced struvite meets the legal limits for fertilizer use in terms of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cr content specified by Turkish regulations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bi W, Li Y, Hu Y (2014) Recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from alkaline hydrolysis supernatant of excess sludge by magnesium ammonium phosphate. Bioresour Technol 166:1–8
Wang Y, Xiao Q, Zhong H, Zheng X, Wei Y (2016) Effect of organic matter on phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge subjected to microwave hybrid pretreatment. J Environ Sci 39:29–36
Xu Y, Hu H, Liu J, Luo J, Qian G, Wang A (2015) pH dependent phosphorus release from waste activated sludge: contributions of phosphorus speciation. Chem Eng J 267:260–265
Chen Y, Jiang S, Yuan H, Zhou Q, Gu G (2007) Hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge at different pHs. Water Res 41:683–689
Takahaski M, Takemoto Y, Onsihi K (2015) Phosphorus recovery from carbonized sewage sludge by hydrothermal processes. J Mater Sci Eng 5(1-2):58–62
Uysal A, Tuncer D, Kir E, Sardohan Koseoglu T (2016) Phosphorus recovery from hydrolysed sewage sludge liquid containing metals using Donnan dialysis. 6th International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation (ICEPR’16), Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on New Technologies, August 2016, Budapest, Hungary, ICEPR 125, p 1–7
Ali TU, Kim DJ (2016) Phosphorus extraction and sludge dissolution by acid and alkali treatments of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) treated wastewater sludge. Bioresour Technol 217:233–238
Xu DC, Zhong CQ, Yin KH, Peng SH, Zhu TT, Cheng G (2018) Alkaline solubilization of excess mixed sludge and the recovery of released phosphorus as magnesium ammonium phosphate. Bioresour Technol 249:783–790
Sano A, Kanomata M, Inoue H, Sugiura N, Xu KQ, Inamori Y (2012) Extraction of raw sewage sludge containing iron phosphate for phosphorus recovery. Chemosphere 89:1243–1247
Kim M, Han DW, Kim DJ (2015) Selective release of phosphorus and nitrogen from waste activated sludge with combined thermal and alkali treatment. Bioresour Technol 190:522–528
Takiguchi N, Kishino M, Kuroda A, Kato J, Ohtake H (2007) Effect of mineral elements on phosphorus release from heated sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol 98:2533–2537
Suarez-Iglesias O, Urrea JL, Oulego P, Collado S, Diaz M (2017) Valuable compounds from sewage sludge by thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation. A review. Sci Total Environ 584–585:921–934
Doyle JD, Parsons SA (2002) Struvite formation, control and recovery. Water Res 36:3925–3940
Uysal A, Tuncer D, Kir E, Sardohan Koseoglu T (2017) Recovery of nutrients from digested sludge as struvite with a combination process of acid hydrolysis and Donnan dialysis. Water Sci Technol 76(10):2733–2741
Torres ML, Liorens MDE (2008) Effect of alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of solid wastes. Waste Manage 28(11):2229–2234
Kim J, Park C, Kim TH, Lee M, Kim S, Kim SW, Lee J (2003) Effects of various pretreatments for enhanced anaerobic digestion with waste activated sludge. J Biosci Bioeng 95(3):271–275
Dong CH, Xie XQ, Wang XL, Zhani Y, Yao YJ (2009) Application of Box-Behnken design in optimisation for polysaccharides extraction from cultured mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis. Food Bioprod Process 87(2):139–144
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005) 21st edn, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment F, Washington DC, USA
Uysal A, Yılmazel YD, Demirer GN (2010) The determination of fertilizer quality of the formed struvite from effluent of a sewage sludge anaerobic digester. J Hazard Mater 181:248–254
Jaffer Y, Clark TA, Pearce P, Parsons SA (2002) Potential phosphorus recovery by struvite formation. Water Res 36:1834–1842
Cieslik B, Konieczka P (2017) A review of phosphorus recovery methods at various steps of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge management. The concept of “no solid waste generation” and analytical methods. J Clean Prod 142:1728–1740
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 2209-A program, project no. 1919 B011502482).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Uysal, A., Aydoğan, M., Çelik, E. (2019). Recovery of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Sewage Sludge as Struvite Using a Combined Alkali Hydrolysis and Thermal Treatment Process. In: Balkaya, N., Guneysu, S. (eds) Recycling and Reuse Approaches for Better Sustainability. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95888-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95888-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95887-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95888-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)