Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) presentations are common, ranking highly in the self-reported health problems amongst adolescents, and result from a spectrum of causes. The evidence-based approach to paediatric and adolescent MSK clinical examination includes a basic examination (pGALS) and a more detailed regional MSK examination (pREMS). These tools were developed in recognition that ‘children are not little adults’. The MSK assessment must be interpreted in the context of general assessment, suspected ‘red flags’ and systemic enquiry. The importance of early diagnosis and prompt referral of suspected MSK disease to specialist teams is increasingly relevant in the era of potent treatments for AYA with rheumatic disease but also applies to other MSK conditions.
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Further Reading and Resources
BSR eLearning modules – https://rheumatologylearning.com – modules on adult JIA targeting educational needs of adult Rheumatology healthcare professionals.
E-Learning for Healthcare. https://www.e-lfh.org.uk – modules on limp, normal Development and adolescent health issues.
EULAR/PReS Online course in Paediatric rheumatology https://www.eular.org/edu_online_course_paediatric.cfm.
EUTEACH – https://www.unil.ch/euteach/en/home.html – European Training in Effective Adolescent care and health.
Newcastle University short online courses – paediatric musculoskeletal modules – www.cpd.ncl.ac.uk.
Paediatric musculoskeletal matters12 – www.pmmonline.org.
pGALS app – a free resource. Available through app stores and in multiple languages.
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Foster, H., Jandial, S. (2019). Principles of Assessment in Adolescent and Young Adult Rheumatology Practice. In: McDonagh, J., Tattersall, R. (eds) Adolescent and Young Adult Rheumatology In Clinical Practice. In Clinical Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95519-3_6
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