Abstract
According to the data obtained after the Second National Forest Inventory in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006–2009) was carried out, the total area of forests and forest land in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is 3,231,500 ha or 63.08%, whilst the area covered by forest takes up 2,904,600 ha, or 56.7% of the total Bosnia and Herzegovina land area The land area of BiH is divided into four ecological vegetation areas (Pripanon, Inner Dinarides, Transitional Illyrian-Moesiac area and Mediterranean area). The spatial distribution of the main vegetation types is influenced by horizontal zonation and altitudinal belts. These areas are then followed by the mountainous belt with beech forests, beech and fir, beech and fir with spruce and the subalpine beech forest belt. There is a great number of endemic species and habitats and relic locations – a terrestrial flora and fauna shelter, which are now preserved under specific paleo-climate conditions. BiH is one of the countries in Europe with the highest diversity of both, plants and animals species, which are endangered by climate change. The abundance of diversity is reflected in a large number of plant and animal species within the region (about 4500 higher plants, 600 taxa mosses and about 80 ferns, around 250 species of forest trees and shrubs). This is why the position of BiH is high in the list of European countries of a high biodiversity level. The variability has been investigated by molecular markers for the most important species. The variability is high and it is important for meeting climate changes. Afforestation trends in BiH indicate that the afforestation volume decreased. Establishihng of new forests are not at the satisfactory level due to the lack of financial resources and insufficient attention to the aforested areas.
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Mataruga, M., Ballian, D., Terzić, R., Daničić, V., Cvjetković, B. (2019). State of Forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ecological and Vegetation Distribution, Management and Genetic Variability. In: Šijačić-Nikolić, M., Milovanović, J., Nonić, M. (eds) Forests of Southeast Europe Under a Changing Climate. Advances in Global Change Research, vol 65. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95267-3_1
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