Abstract
The book’s first chapter identifies four ways of approaching war that have been sanctioned within religious traditions. They are: (i) to fight militarily in the name of one’s state, (ii) to fight militarily in the name of one’s religion, (iii) to follow the way of the just war theory, and (iv) to follow the way of pacifism.
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Notes
- 1.
Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation (Nashville TN and New York: Abington, 1960), pp. 17–18.
- 2.
Daniel A. Dombrowski, Christian Pacifism (Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 1991), pp. 5–6.
- 3.
Bainton identifies these three as being in “the Christian ethic.” Bainton, Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace, p. 14. Bainton prefers “crusade”; others use the term “holy war,” as does Tomaž Mastnak in his Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002) pp. 56 and 64.
- 4.
Bainton, Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace, pp. 14 and 56 ff.
- 5.
Bainton, Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace, p. 46 and Mastnak, Crusading Peace, p. 61.
- 6.
Bainton, Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace, pp. 51–52.
- 7.
Mohandas K. Gandhi, The Bhagavad-Gita According to Gandhi, ed. John Strohmeier (Berkeley CA: Berkeley Hills Books, 2000), p. 73.
- 8.
All biblical quotations are from the RSV unless otherwise indicated.
- 9.
Tomaž Mastmak, Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World and Western Political Order (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), p. 51. Mastnak cites a report of the exhortation of Urban II at the Council of Clermont given by the contemporary Fulcher of Charates.
- 10.
The English word “pacifism” is from the French pacifisme, a word apparently created by Émile Arnaud (1864–1921) at the beginning of the twentieth century. Robert L. Holmes suggests that “the term pacifism” was first used by a Russian author Ivan Novikoff, also known as Jacques Novicow, in 1901. Robert L. Holmes, Pacifism: A Philosophy of Nonviolence (London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2017), p. 241. Early Christians were pacifists avant la lettre.
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Kellenberger, J. (2018). Ways of Approaching War That Are Sanctioned Within Religious Traditions. In: Religion, Pacifism, and Nonviolence. Palgrave Frontiers in Philosophy of Religion. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95010-5_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95010-5_2
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