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Medical Management of Obesity

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Abstract

The genetic-environment combination is central to the genesis of obesity. Obesity emerged as one of the major health problems during the last century, from the enormous environmental changes that the world experienced. Environmental factors favoring a positive energy balance and weight gain include, on the one hand, increased availability of food, particularly high-calorie foods, and increased portion sizes and, on the other hand, decreased movement, with less time of physical activity at work and the replacement of physical activity in leisure time with sedentary activities such as watching TV and the use of electronic devices. Other factors considered to contribute to the obesity epidemic are use of drugs that have weight gain as a side effect, reduction in variability of ambient temperatures, sleep debt, increasing maternal age, greater fecundity among people with higher adiposity, assortative mating, endocrine disruptors, microorganisms, epigenetics, and intrauterine and intergenerational effects. These and many other factors, combined with medical innovations that have reduced mortality and prolonged life, laid the foundation for the obesity epidemic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Obesity and Diabetes Department, Centro CIEN - Endocrinology, Obesity and Nutrition Center, Corrientes, Buenos Aires, Misiones, Formosa, Argentina

    Marianela Aguirre Ackermann

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  1. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Rami Lutfi

  2. University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mariano Palermo

  3. Saint-Pierre University Hospital, European School of Laparoscopic Surgery, Brussels, Belgium

    Guy-Bernard Cadière

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Ackermann, M.A. (2018). Medical Management of Obesity. In: Lutfi, R., Palermo, M., Cadière, GB. (eds) Global Bariatric Surgery . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93545-4_35

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