Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pesticide Level in the Lower Gangetic Delta

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Estuarine Pollution in the Lower Gangetic Delta

  • 303 Accesses

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological and photolytic processes. Due to this nature, they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains and have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment. Thus these groups of chemicals are not materially broken down over a reasonable period of time and are usually measured in decades or more. The POPs of most concern are those that build up in the environment or get bioaccumulated and/or biomagnified in the food chain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Suggested References

  • Banerjee, S., Howard, P. H., Rosenberg, A. M., Dombrowski, A. E., Sikka, H., & Tullis, D. L. (1984). Development of a general kinetic model for biodegradation and its application to chlorophenols and related compounds. Environmental Science and Technology, 18, 416–422.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrie, L. A., Gregor, D., Hargrave, B., Lake, R., Muir, D., Shearer, R., Tracey, B., & Bidleman, T. (1992). Arctic contaminants: Sources, occurrence and pathways. The Science of the Total Environment, 122, 1–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Battersby, N. S. (1990). A review: A biodegradation kinetics in the aquatic environment. Chemosphere, 21, 1243–1284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baughman, G. L., Paris, D. F., & Steen, W. C. (1980). Quantitative expression of biotransformation rate. In A. W. Maki, K. L. Dickson, & J. Cairns (Eds.), Biotransformation and fate of chemicals in the aquatic environment (pp. 67–86). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bidleman, T. F., Jantunen, L. M., Falconer, R. L., & Barrie, L. A. (1995). Decline of hexachlorocyclohexane in arctic atmosphere and reversal of air-sea exchange. Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 219–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bookhout, C. G., & Costlow, J. D. (1976). Effects of Mirex, methoxychlor and malathion on development of crabs (p. 96). Beaufort, North Carolina: Duke University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calamari, D., Galassi, S., Setti, F., & Vighi, M. (1983). Toxicity of selected chlorobenzenes to aquatic organisms. Chemosphere, 12, 253–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, A. R., & Kosian, P. A. (1987). Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 16, 129–135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Arctic Resources Committee. (2000). http://carc.org/.

  • Cooper, R. (1959). Bacterial fertilizers in the Soviet Union. Soils and Fertilizers, 22(5), 327–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotham, W. E., & Bidleman, T. F. (1991). Estimating the atmospheric deposition of organic contaminants to the Arctic. Chemosphere, 22, 165–188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dill, P. A., & Saunders, R. C. (1974). Retarded behavioural development and impaired balance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins hatched from gastrulae exposed to DDT. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 31, 1936–1938.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisler, R. (1990). Chlordane hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: A synoptic review. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report, 85(1.21), 1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falconer, R. L., & Bidleman, T. F. (1994). Vapor pressures and predicted particle/gas distributions of PCB congeners as functions of temperature and ortho-chlorine substitution. Atmospheric Environment, 28, 547–554.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, D. R. (1973). The effect of some DDT and methoxychlor analogues on temperature selection and lethality in brook trout fingerlings. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2, 437–446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, D. J., Goodman, L. R., & Wilson, A. J. (1977). Kepone: Chronic effects on embryo, fry, juvenile, and adult sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). Chesapeake Science, 18(2), 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbuckle, K. C., Jeremiason, J. D., Sweet, C. W., & Eisenreich, S. J. (1994). Seasonal variation in the air-water exchange of PCBs in Lake superior. Environmental Science and Technology, 28, 1491–1501.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, H., Tanabe, S., Sakai, H., & Tasukawa, R. (1993). Distribution of persistent organochlorines in the oceanic air and surface seawater and the role of ocean on their global transport and fate. Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 1080–1098.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jantunen, L. J., & Bidleman, T. F. (1995). Reversal of the air-water gas exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Bering and Chukchi seas: 1993 vs 1988. Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 1081–1089.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koester, C. J., & Hites, R. A. (1992). Wet and dry deposition of chlorinated dioxins and furans. Environmental Science Technology, 26, 1375–1382.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, P., Järnmark, C., & Sodergren, A. (1992). PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in the atmosphere and aquatic organisms of Ross Island, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 25, 281–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, W. L., Wagemann, R., Tracey, B., Sutherland, D., & Thomas, D. J. (1992). Presence and implications of chemical contaminants in the fresh waters of the Canadian Arctic. Science of the Total Environment, 122, 165–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, D., & Wania, F. (1995). Transport of contaminants to the Arctic: Partitioning, processes and models. Science of the Total Environment, 160/161, 25–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, F. L., Mehrle, P. M., & Dwyer, W. P. (1975). Toxaphene effects on reproduction, growth and mortality of brook trout (p. 43). Washington DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, L. L., Cotham, W. E., & Bidleman, T. F. (1993). Gas exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Great Lakes. Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 1304–1311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenney, C. L. Jr. (1986). Critical responses of populations of crustacea to toxicants. Gulf Breeze, Florida, US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory (Environmental Research Brief EPA/600/M-86/004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehrle, P. M., & Mayer, F. L. (1975). Toxaphene effects on growth and development of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32, 593–598.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehrle, P. M., Buckler, D. R., Little, E. E., Smith, L. M., Petty, J. D., Peterman, P. H., & Stalling, D. L. (1988). Toxicity and bioconcentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzodioxin and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzofuran in rainbow trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 7, 47–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, R. L., Kapoor, I. P., Lu, P. Y., Schuth, C. K., & Sherman, P. (1973). Model ecosystem studies of the environment and fate of six organochlorine pesticides. Environmental Health Perspectives, 4, 35–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir, D. C. G., Wagemann, R., Hargrave, B. T., Thomas, D. J., Peakall, D. B., & Norstrom, R. J. (1992). Arctic marine ecosystem contamination. Science of the Total Environment, 122, 75–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nebeker, A. V., Puglisi, F. A., & DeFoe, D. L. (1974). Effect of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds on survival and reproduction of the fathead minnow and flagfish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 3, 562–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paris, D. F., Steen, W. C., Baughman, G. L., & Barnett, J. T. (1981). Second-order model to predict microbial degradation of organic compounds in natural waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 41, 603–609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, R. H. (1973). Temperature selection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) as influenced by various chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30, 1091–1097.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SETAC. (1996). In J. P. Carey, J. G. Cook, P. Hodson, D. Muir, W. Owens, R. Parrish, & K. Solomon (Eds.), Ecotoxicological risk assessment of the chlorinated organic chemicals. Pensacola, FL: SETAC Foundation for Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. J., & Hamilton, M. C. (1988). Organochlorine residues in biota of the Baffin Island region. SeaKem Oceanography Ltd., Sidney, B.C. Report prepared for Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. J., Tracey, B., Marshall, H., & Norstrom, R. J. (1992). Arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination. Science of the Total Environment, 122, 135–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, M. K., & Peterson, R. E. (1992). Toxicity of polychlorinated dobbins-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls during early development of fish. In T. Colborn & C. Clement (Eds.), Chemically induced alterations in sexual and functional development: The human/wildlife connection (pp. 195–202). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Scientific Publishing, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wania, F., & Mackay, D. (1993). Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatility organochlorine compounds in polar regions. Ambio, 22, 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (1989). Aldrin and Dieldrin. Environmental health criteria 91. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (1992). The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard. Guidelines to classification 1992–1993. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO/PCS/92.14).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Abhijit Mitra

Authors
  1. Abhijit Mitra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Mitra, A. (2019). Pesticide Level in the Lower Gangetic Delta. In: Estuarine Pollution in the Lower Gangetic Delta. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93305-4_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation