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Screening Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes and Risk Stratification in Minorities

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Ethnic Diversities, Hypertension and Global Cardiovascular Risk

Part of the book series: Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection ((UHCP))

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fast-growing diseases of the modern and postmodern era, affecting people across the diversity of countries and ethnic groups worldwide. Undiagnosed and/or inappropriately managed, T2DM is associated with major complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), which are driving the cost and morbimortality related to diabetes. The onset of T2DM, related complications, and progression can be prevented and delayed through timely diagnosis and implementation of effective interventions. For this to be cost-effective, appropriate strategies are needed to identify those who are more likely to benefit from further testing and interventions. Diabetes risk screening and risk stratification have developed in the last four decades, paralleling the improvement in the understanding of the natural history of the diseases and strategies for modifying it. While the initial focus was on biochemical tests, multivariable absolute risk prediction models which have flourished in the last two decades are gaining popularities in risk stratifications for diabetes and related major complications. While the principle of screening are the same across populations and settings, the performance of risk screening tools can vary across ethnic groups, reflecting differences in natural history of the diseases and other interfering factors. It is therefore important to assess the performance of existing tools and make necessary adaptations prior to their introduction in new populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

    Andre Pascal Kengne

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Andre Pascal Kengne

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  1. Andre Pascal Kengne
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Correspondence to Andre Pascal Kengne .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy

    Pietro Amedeo Modesti

  2. University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, and University, Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

    Francesco P. Cappuccio

  3. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Gianfranco Parati

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Kengne, A.P. (2018). Screening Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes and Risk Stratification in Minorities. In: Modesti, P., Cappuccio, F., Parati, G. (eds) Ethnic Diversities, Hypertension and Global Cardiovascular Risk. Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93148-7_18

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