Abstract
Kutlay offers a comparative analysis of the Turkish and Greek cases with particular reference to three-stage framework. Chapter 7 lays out the main findings of the present book. Accordingly, in-depth analysis of four episodes in two reactive states puts the parts of the conceptual framework together. Main findings advance the debate on reform dynamics in reactive states, on the centrality of crisis narratives approach in explaining the divergence of post-crisis outcomes, and on the role of policy entrepreneurs in instigating paradigmatic changes in the aftermath of economic crises.
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Notes
- 1.
Atul Kohli et al., “The Role of Theory in Comparative Politics: A Symposium,” World Politics 48, no. 1 (1995): 1–49.
- 2.
This phrase belongs to John Gerard Ruggie, which is quoted in Jeffrey W. Legro and Andrew Moravcsik, “Is Anybody Still a Realist?” International Security 24, no. 2 (1999): 50.
- 3.
Shawn Donnelly, “Power Politics and the Undersupply of Financial Stability in Europe,” Review of International Political Economy 21, no. 4 (2014): 980–1005.
- 4.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speeches 1949–1953 (New Delhi: The Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1954), 144.
- 5.
For interview data, see Chap. 4.
- 6.
Interview with senior official of TÜRK-İŞ, September 10, 2014; interview with senior official of DİSK, September 9, 2014; interview with senior advisor to President, TÜSİAD, September 24, 2014; interview with senior advisor to Kemal DerviŞ September 26, 2014.
- 7.
E. Fuat Keyman and Ahmet İçduygu, “Introduction: Citizenship, Identity, and the Question of Democracy in Turkey,” in E. Fuat Keyman and Ahmet İçduygu, Citizenship in a Global World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences (London: Routledge), 11.
- 8.
Ünay, Neoliberal Globalization and Institutional Reform, 170.
- 9.
Francesca Gambarotto and Stefano Solari, “The Peripheralization of Southern European Capitalism Within the EMU,” Review of International Political Economy 22 (4): 788–812. Also see Fouskas and Dimoulas, Greece, Financialization, and the EU.
- 10.
Susan Watkins, “Another Turn of the Screw,” New Left Review, no. 75 (2012): 12.
- 11.
Valentina Pop, “Merkel Under Fire for ‘Lazy Greeks’ Comment,” EUobserver, May 19, 2011.
- 12.
Quoted in Nick Malkoutzis, “Is Greece a Failed State?” Foreign Policy, March 1, 2012.
- 13.
Peter A. Hall, “The Economics and Politics of the Euro Crisis,” German Politics 21, no. 4 (2012): 365.
- 14.
For the analysis of the interview data, see Chap. 6.
- 15.
For the full list of my interviews with the representatives of Greek political parties, trade unions, business associations, and third-party observers see appendix. Also see, Liz Alderman and Jack Ewing, “Most Aid to Athens Circles Back to Europe,” New York Times, May 29, 2012.
- 16.
Interview with senior official, SEV, June 24, 2014; interview with senior advisor to the President of SEV, June 23, 2014; interview with former senior official, SEV, June 25, 2014.
- 17.
Linda Weiss, “The State in the Economy: Neoliberal or Neoactivist?” in Glenn Morgan et al., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 183–209.
- 18.
Also see Öniş and Şenses, “Global Dynamics, Domestic Coalitions and Reactive State,” METU Studies in Development.
- 19.
That being said, I should underline that the long-term causes of political polarization, political patronage, clientelism, and lopsided state-business and state-labor relations are beyond the scope of this study.
- 20.
For a discussion on comparative political economy of labor markets in Greece and Turkey, see Özgün Sarımehmet Duman, The Political Economy of Labour Market Reforms: Greece, Turkey and the Global Economic Crisis (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
- 21.
For an early review, see Tommasia and Velascoa, “Where Are We in the Political Economy of Reform,” The Journal of Policy Reform. Also see, Allan Drazen and William Easterly, “Do Crises Induce Reform? Simple Empirical Tests of Conventional Wisdom,” Economics and Politics 13, no. 2 (2001): 129–157.
- 22.
Rodrik, “Understanding Economic Policy Reform,” Journal of Economic Literature, 27.
- 23.
Boin, McConnell and ‘t Hart, eds., Governing After Crisis.
- 24.
Kostas A. Lavdas, Spyridon N. Litsas, and Dimitrios V. Skiadas, Stateness and Sovereign Debt: Greece in the European Conundrum (New York: Lexington Books, 2013).
- 25.
Ulrich Beck, German Europe (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013). For the structure of economic exchange mechanisms between Germany and southern Europe that underpin unbearable power asymmetries, see Annamaria Simonazzi, Andrea Ginzburg, and Gianluigi Nocella, “Economic Relations Between Germany and the Southern Europe,” Cambridge Journal of Economics 37, no. 3 (2013): 653–675.
- 26.
Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, 16.
- 27.
Zahariadis, “The Multiple Streams Framework: Structure, Limitations, Prospects,” 74.
- 28.
Ibid., 80.
- 29.
Bakır, “Policy Entrepreneurship and Institutional Change,” Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 593.
- 30.
Matthias Matthijs, “Mediterranean Blues: The Crisis in Southern Europe,” Journal of Democracy 25, no. 1 (2014): 102.
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Kutlay, M. (2019). Toward a Comparative Political Economy of Reactive States. In: The Political Economies of Turkey and Greece. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92789-3_7
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