Abstract
The knee joint represents a classic diarthrodial joint that has hyaline articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and intra-articular ligaments. The knee joint is composed of two separate articulated surfaces, i.e., the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints.
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Appendices
Review Questions
What is the angle of the most commonly used knee arthroscope?
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0°
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30°
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45°
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70°
What is the most commonly injured nerve branch during the median parapatellar approach?
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The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.
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The suprapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.
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The medial cutaneous branch of the saphenous nerve.
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The peroneal nerve.
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The saphenous nerve.
The cartilage in the patella is:
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Thicker than the lateral plateau but thinner than the medial tibial plateau.
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Thicker than both the lateral and medial plateaus.
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Same as the lateral and medial plateaus.
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Thinner than both the lateral and medial plateaus.
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Thinner than the lateral plateau but thicker than the medial tibial plateau.
Which of the following is the second longest bone in the body?
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Femur
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Tibia
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Fibula
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Humerus
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Ulna
Which of the following is correct?
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Lateral plateau is concave and the medial is convex.
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Medial plateau is concave and the lateral is convex.
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Both medial and lateral plateaus are concave.
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Both medial and lateral plateaus are convex.
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None of the above.
The patella reflex is generated by:
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L3 root
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L4 root
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L5 root
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S1 root
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S2 root
Which of the above is the most common complication of arthroscopy?
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Hemarthrosis
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Infection
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Thromboembolism
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Anesthesia complications
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Instrument failure
Which arthroscopic procedure is associated with the highest number of complications?
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ACL reconstruction
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PCL reconstruction
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Lateral meniscectomy
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Medial meniscectomy
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Loose body removal
Which of the above statements is correct?
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Increased tourniquet time is associated with increased rate of complications.
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Patients <50 year old have lower incidence of complications.
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Male patients have an increased rate of complications.
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Instrument breakage was the most common complication seen.
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Compartment syndrome occurs in 20% of patients with tourniquet application.
DVT prophylaxis in a patient undergoing knee arthroscopy would be more appropriate when:
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A 50-year-old male smoker.
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Tourniquet time >90 min.
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Previous history of DVT and pulmonary embolism.
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A 40-year-old female with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Mnemonic Tricks
ACL Attachments
It is easy to remember that ACL femoral attachment is at the lateral side, because you would have listened to a rumor that a first-year resident once punctured the tourniquet and deflated during ACL tunnel placement in a late-hour surgery (LATEral—Def-LATE).
Valgus/Varus (there are plenty, here is the most successful)
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valGUM—knees sticking together like “Gum.”
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Varus—“the opposite,” have aiR between the legs.
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Varus—bowlegged cowboy riding a horse with a rifle (R-R).
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Valgus—from lateral force applied!
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VaLgus—the left knee forms an L (valgus has an L in it).
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VaRus—looks like a parenthesis ().
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Paschos, N.K., Prodromos, C.C. (2019). Knee. In: Paschos, N., Bentley, G. (eds) General Orthopaedics and Basic Science. Orthopaedic Study Guide Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92193-8_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92193-8_4
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