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Theoretical Foundation and Literature Review

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State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao's China, 1993–2012

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Economic History ((PEHS))

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Abstract

Our theoretical foundation is based on the Lewis model for development and modernity, the Harris-Todaro model which revises the Lewis model, as well as the big-push model. Further, we argue that during the process of urbanisation, the state is imperative to support people by providing welfare entitlement or employment opportunities. If the state does not fulfil this obligation, we call it a ‘state failure’. In this chapter we also have reviewed several valuable projects focusing on the distortions in China’s urbanisation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Lewis, A. W., ‘Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour’, Manchester School, 22/2 (1954): 139-191. See also Jorgenson, Dale W., ‘The Development of a Dual Economy’, The Economic Journal, 71/282 (1961): 309-334; Ranis, Gustav and John C. H. Fei, ‘A Theory of Economic Development’, The American Economic Review, 51/4 (1961): 533-558.

  2. 2.

    Harris, John R. and Michael P. Todaro, ‘Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis’, The Economic Journal, 60/1 (1970): 126-142.

  3. 3.

    Residence registration system was created during Mao’s rule. It divides China’s population into urban residents and rural residents. Free transfer from the latter to former (hence ‘urbanisation’) is forbidden and so is social welfare entitlement. Rural immigrants living and working in cities automatically lose their social welfare entitlement.

  4. 4.

    See Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul, ‘Problems of Industrialization of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe’, The Economic Journal, 53/210/211(1943): 202-211.

  5. 5.

    E.g. Zhou, Tianyong, ‘Zhongguo Tuijin Chengshihuade Youyu’(Hesitation in China’s Push for Urbanisation), Chengshi Guancha (Urban Observation), 01 (2009): 5-23.

  6. 6.

    E.g. Liao, Fuzhou and Yuan Liao, ‘Woguo Banchengshihua Xianxiang Tanjiu’ (China’s Semi-Urbanisation Phenomenon’), Xuexi Luntan (Study Forum), 28/05 (2012): 41-45.

  7. 7.

    Lu, Yilong, ‘Huji: Yizhong Dui Zhongguo Chengshihua Zhiduxingde Niuqu’ (Residential Registration System: Institutional Distortion of Urbanisation), Tansuo Yu Zhengming (Search and Contention), 12 (2012): 60-64.

  8. 8.

    There is no private ownership of land or free hold land in Mainland China. All land transactions are on lease-holding basis. The lease cycle is between 40 and 70 years.

  9. 9.

    Huang, Aidong, ‘Fenshuizhi Gaige Yinfade Tudi Caizheng Yu Tudi Chengshihuazhi Fansi’ (Shared Taxation Reforms and Its Consequence in Land-cum-Revenues and Land for Urban Growth), Hunan Xingzheng Xueyuan Xuebao (Bulletin of Hunan College of Administration), 3 (2011): 94-97.

  10. 10.

    Chen, Qin, Chengshihua – Renkou He Tudide Yaosu Zaipeizhi (Urbanisation – Reallocation of Population and Land), PhD Dissertation, Fudan University Press, 2013.

  11. 11.

    Zhang, Yaoyu, Dizu Shouyi Fenpei Tiaojie Yu Renditongchoude Chengshi Zengzhang Tiaokong Zhengce Goujian Yanjiu (Rent Distribution and Policies for an Urban Growth with a Population and Land Balance),PhD Dissertation, Nanjing Agriculture University, 2016.

  12. 12.

    Zhang, Yaoyu, Chen, Ligen, and Huiguang Chen, ‘Tudi Chengshihua Xiang Renkou Chengshihua Zhuanbian – Yige Fenxi Kuangjia Jiqi Zhengce Hanyi’ (Transition from Urbanised Land to Urbanised Population – An Analytical Framework and Policy Implications), Zhongguo Renkou (Chinese Demography), 26/3 (2016): 127-135.

  13. 13.

    Bian, Xuefang, Kuaisu Chengshihua Jieduan Nongdi Zhuanyong Jiage Niuqu Yanjiu (Farmland Transfer and Price Distortion during Fact Urbanisation), PhD Dissertation, Nanjing Agriculture University, 2009; Zheng, Youguo and Luhui Wei, ‘Zhongguo Chengshihua Quzhe Jincheng Yuanyin Tanxi’ (Reasons for the Tortuous Progress of Urbanisation in China), Yatai Jingji (Asia-Pacific Economy), 1 (2013): 66-70.

  14. 14.

    Gu, Naihua and Kai Liu, ‘Caizheng Zhidu Yanbian, Zhengfu Celue Xingwei Yu Zhongguo Chengshi Chanye Guokuai Kongxinhua’ (Changes in the Fiscal System, Government Policies and Excessive Hollowing of China’s Urban Industries), Guoji Shehui Kexue Zazhi (Journal of Internation al Social Sciences), 31/3 (2014): 93-102.

  15. 15.

    E.g. Luo, Xue, Chengzhenhua Jinchengzhong Shidi Nongmin Wenti Jiqi Duice Yanjiu (Landless Farmers and Policy Remedies in the Process of Urbanisation), PhD Dissertation, Nanjing Technology University, 2013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Enlightenment Institute for Economic and Social Research, Beijing, China

    Yazhuo Zheng

  2. London School of Economics, London, UK

    Kent Deng

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  1. Yazhuo Zheng
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Zheng, Y., Deng, K. (2018). Theoretical Foundation and Literature Review. In: State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao's China, 1993–2012. Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6_2

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