Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Advances in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Breeding

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits

Abstract

Date palm is one of the oldest cultivated plants, grown in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. The date fruit serves as a vital worldwide component of the human diet and a staple food for millions of people. Unfortunately, various abiotic and biotic stresses along with agronomic constraints are hindering date productivity . Those date cultivars adapted to stress conditions have low fruit production . Conventional breeding , depending on crosses and backcrosses, is a time-consuming process. The applied research carried out on date palm is limited, still there is enormous potential to improve date palm breeding methods. Advanced biotechnology creates unparalleled opportunities to develop new varieties with quality fruit , increased fruit yield and resistance to pests and pathogens. It also minimizes the application of potentially-harmful fungicides and pesticides and increases crop productivity . This chapter provides current and innovative information about date palm progress in terms of distribution , production , marketing strategy, current achievements, limitations and challenges facing date palm breeding. It also focuses on recent advances in tissue culture , genetic transformation and molecular breeding to improve the productivity and quality of the date.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aaouine M (2003) Date palm large-scale propagation through tissue culture techniques. In: The date palm from traditional resource to green wealth. Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research, UAE, Abu Dhabi, pp 79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Abass MH (2016) Responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) callus to biotic and abiotic stresses Emir J Food Agric 28(1):66–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Rahim EA, Abdel-Fatah OM, El-Shemy HA et al (1998) Growth of date palm callus as affected by amino acids as organic nitrogen source. In: Proceedings of first international conference, date palm, UAE, Al-Ain, pp 234–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Abohatem M, Zouine J, El Hadrami I (2011) Low concentrations of BAP and high rate of subcultures improve the establishment and multiplication of somatic embryos in date palm suspension cultures by limiting oxidative browning associated with high levels of total phenols and peroxidase activities. Sci Hortic 130:344–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abul-Soad AA, Markhand GS, Shah SA (2008) Effect of naphthaleneacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on somatic embryogenesis of female inflorescence explants of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Aseel. In: Proceedings of third international conference date palm, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Egypt, Suez Canal University North Sinai, pp 25–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Adawy SS, Hussein EHA, Ismail SME et al (2005) Genomic diversity in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as revealed by AFLPs in comparison to RAPDs and ISSRs. Arab J Biotechnol 8:99–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Ageez A, Madboly EA (2011) Identification of male specific molecular markers in date palm Sewi cultivar. Egypt J Genet Cytol 40:201–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agnihotri A, Gupta V, Lakshmikumaran MS et al (1990) Production of Eruca-Brassica hybrids by embryo rescue. Plant Breed 104:281–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahloowalia BS, Maluszynski M (2001) Induced mutations- a new paradigm in plant breeding. Euphytica 118:167–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed MMM, Soliman SS, Elsayed EH (2006) Molecular identification of some Egyptian date palm males by females varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using DNA markers. J Appl Sci Res 2:270–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed MVOM, Bouna ZEO, Lemine FMM et al (2011) Use of multivariate analysis to assess phenotypic diversity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars. Sci Hortic 127(3):367–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Busaidi KTS, Farag KM (2015) The use of electrolyte leakage procedure in assessing heat and salt tolerance of Ruzaiz date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar regenerated by tissue culture and offshoots and treatments to alleviate the stressful injury. J Hortic For 7(4):104–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleid SM, Al-Khayri JM, Al-Bahrany AM (2015) Date palm status and perspective in Saudi Arabia. In: Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm genetic resources and utilization, vol 2. Asia and Europe. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 49–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Mansoori TA, Eldeen MNA (2007) Evaluation techniques for salt tolerance in date palm. Acta Hort 736:301–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ameri AA, Al-Qurainy F, Gaafar ARZ et al (2016a) Molecular identification of sex in Phoenix dactylifera using inter simple sequence repeat markers. Biomed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4530846

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ameri AA, Al-Qurainy F, Gaafar ARZ et al (2016b) Male specific gene expression in dioecious Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) tree at flowering stage. Pak J Bot 48(1):131–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Bahrany AM, Al-Khayri JM (2012) In vitro responses of date palm cell suspensions under osmotic stress induced by sodium potassium and calcium salts at different exposure durations. Am J Plant Phys 7:120–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dous EK, George B, Al-Mahmoud ME et al (2011) De novo genome sequencing and comparative genomics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Natl Biotechnol 29:521–527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Enezi NA, Al-Khayri JM (2012a) Alterations of DNA, ions and photosynthetic pigments content in date palm seedlings induced by X-irradiation. Int J Agric Biol 14:329–336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Enezi NA, Al-Khayri JM (2012b) Effect of X-irradiation on proline accumulation, growth and water content of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings. J Biol Sci 12(3):146–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Faifi SA, Migdadi HM, Algamdi SS et al (2016) Development, characterization and use of genomic SSR markers for assessment of genetic diversity in some Saudi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars. Electr J Biotechnol 21:18–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Al-Abid M (2007) Compositional characteristics of dates, syrups, and their by-products. Food Chem 104:943–947

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A et al (2005a) Compositional and sensory characteristics of three native sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 53:7586–7591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A et al (2005b) Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 53:7592–7599

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Farsi MA, Lee CY (2008) Nutritional and functional properties of dates: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 48(10):877–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Kaabi HH, Zaid A, Ainsworth C (2007) Plant-off-types in tissue culture-derived date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants. Acta Hortic 736:267–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khalifah NS, Askari E, Khan AES (2012) Molecular and morphological identification of some elite varieties of date palms grown in Saudi Arabia. Emir J Food Agric 24(5):456–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khalifah NS, Khan FA, Askari E et al (2006) In vitro culture and genetic analysis of male and female date palm. Acta Hortic 725:653–662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2001) Optimization of biotin and thiamine requirements for somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37:453–456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2003) In vitro germination responses of date palm: Effect of auxin concentrations and MS salts. Curr Sci 84:680–683

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2005) Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In: Jain SM, Gupta PK (eds) Protocols of somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. Springer, Berlin, pp 309–319

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2007) Date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. micropropagation. In: Jain SM, Haggman H (eds) Protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. Springer, Berlin, pp 509–526

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2010) Somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) improved by coconut water. Biotechnology 9:477–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2011) Basal salt requirements differ according to culture stage and cultivar in date palm somatic embryogenesis. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 7:32–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2012) Determination of the date palm cell suspension growth curve, optimum plating efficiency, and influence of liquid medium on somatic embryogenesis. Emir J Food Agric 24(5):444–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2013) Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) In: Aslam J, Srivastava PS, Sharma MP (eds) Somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation in plants. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 15–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Al-Bahrany AM (2001) Silver nitrate and 2-isopentyladenine promote somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Sci Hort 89:291–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Al-Bahrany AM (2004a) Genotype-dependent in vitro response of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars to silver nitrate. Sci Hort 99:153–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Al-Bahrany AM (2004b) Growth, water content, and proline accumulation in drought-stressed callus of date palm. Biol Plant 48:105–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Ibraheem Y (2014) In vitro selection of abiotic stress tolerant date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): A review. Emirates J Food Agric 26(11):921–933

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV (eds) (2015a) Date palm genetic resources and utilization: volume 1: Africa and the Americas. Springer, Dordrecht, 456 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV (eds) (2015b) Date palm genetic resources and utilization: volume 2: Asia and Europe. Springer, Dordrecht, 566 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Naik PM (2017) Date palm micropropagation: advances and applications. Cienc Agrotec 41(4):347–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Naik PM, Alwael HA (2017) In vitro assessment of abiotic stress in date palm: salinity and drought. Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology protocols: volume 1, tissue culture applications. Methods in molecular biology, vol 1637. Springer, New York, pp 333–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Mssallem IS, Hu S, Zhang X et al (2013) Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Natl Commun 4:2274. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Mulla L, Bhat NR, Khalil M (2013) Salt tolerance of tissue-cultured date palm cultivars under controlled environment. Int J Biol Vet Agri Food Eng 7(8):476–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Alrasbi SAR, Hussain N, Schmeisky H (2010) Evaluation of the growth of date palm seedlings irrigated with saline water in the Sultanate of Oman. Acta Hortic 882:233–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sakran MS, Muneer SE (2006) Adoption of date palm tissue culture technology among date palm producers in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Res Bull 145:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shahib W, Marshall RJ (2002) Dietary fibre content of dates from 13 varieties of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Int J Food Sci Technol 37:719–721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shahib W, Marshall RJ (2003) The fruit of the date palm: its possible use as the best food for the future? Int J Food Sci Nutr 54:247–259

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shreed F, Al-Jamal M, Al-Abbad A et al (2012) A study on the export of Saudi Arabian dates in the global markets. J Dev Agric Econ 4(9):268–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Alwael HA, Naik PM, Al-Khayri JM (2017) Synchronization of somatic embryogenesis in date palm suspension culture using abscisic acid. Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology protocols: volume 1, tissue culture applications. Methods in molecular biology, vol. 1637. Springer, New York, pp 215–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Zubaydi S, Jassim A, Zair H (2013) Effect of sodium chloride and proline on embryo formation and germination through in vitro micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee. J Agr Sci Technol 3:313–320

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andlauer W, Furst P (2003) Special characteristics of non-nutrient food constituents of plants – phytochemicals. Introductory lecture. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 73:55–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aslam J, Khan SA, Azad MAK (2015) Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar “Khalasah” via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Sci Today 2(3):93–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Assirey EAR (2015) Nutritional composition of fruit of 10 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia. J Taibah Univ Sci 9:75–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Augustin LS, Franceschi S, Jenkins DJ et al (2002) Glycemic index in chronic disease: A review. Eur J Clin Nutr 56(11):1049–1071

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet S (2013) Direct organogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) for propagation of true-to-type plants. Sci. Agri 4(3):85–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet S, Taha H, Hanafy M et al (2008) Morphogenesis of sexual embryos of date palm cultured in vitro and early identification of sex type. J Appl Sci Res 4:345–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA (2011) In vitro conservation of date palm germplasm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 337–360

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA (2015) Effect of cryopreservation on salt and drought tolerance of date palm cultured in vitro. Sci Agri 9(3):142–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA, Hanafy MS (2011) Towards sex determination of date palm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 551–566

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Saker MM (2001) In vitro long-term storage of date palm. Biol Plant 45(1):121–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Solliman ME et al (2007) Cryopreservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultured in vitro. Acta Hortic 736:283–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Saker MM (2002) In vitro long-term storage of date palm. Biol Plant 45:121–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Abdallah A, Stiti K, Lepoivre P et al (2000) Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar identification using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Cah Agric 9:103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendiab K, Baaziz M, Brakez Z et al (1993) Correlation of isoenzyme polymorphism and bayoud-disease resistance in date palm cultivars and progeny. Euphytica 65:23–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Yehoshua S, Ben-Yehoshua LJ (2012) Ancient dates and their potential use in breeding. In: Janick J (ed) Horticultural Reviews, vol 40. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 183–213

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bhansali RR (2010) Date palm cultivation in the changing scenario of Indian arid zones: challenges and prospects. In: Ramawat K (ed) Desert plants. Springer, Berlin, pp 423–459

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bhore SJ, Shah FH (2012) Genetic transformation of the American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera) immature zygotic embryos with antisense palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (PATE) gene. World Appl Sci J 16(3):362–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biglari F, AlKarkhi AFM, Easa AM (2008) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chem 107:1636–1641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouguedoura N (1991) Connaissance de la morphogénèse du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Etude in situ et in vitro du développement morphogénétique des appareils végétatif et reproducteur. Dissertation, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouguedoura N, Michaux-Ferriere N, Bompar JL (1990) Comportement in vitro de bourgeons axillaires de type indetermine du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Can J Bot 68(9):2004–2009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgis F, Kilaru A, Cao X, Ngando-Ebongue GF, Drira N, Ohlrogge JB, Arondel V (2011) Comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis of oil palm and date palm mesocarp that differ dramatically in carbon partitioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(30):12527–12532

    Google Scholar 

  • Brand-Miller JC (2003) Glycemic load and chronic disease. Nutr Rev 61:S49–S55

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cao BR, Chao CCT (2002) Identification of date cultivars in California using AFLP markers. Hortic Sci 37:966–968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chabane D, Assani A, Bouguedoura N et al (2007) Induction of callus formation from difficile date palm protoplasts by means of nurse culture. C R Biol 330:392–401

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chabane D, Bouguedoura N, Assani A (2010) Importance of protoplast culture in the genetic improvement of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). Acta Hortic 882:185–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao CCT, Krueger RR (2007) The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. Hortic Sci 42(5):1077–1082

    Google Scholar 

  • Chavarri M, Garcıa AV, Zambrano AY et al (2010) Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene in mango. Interciencia 35(7):521–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuda A, Adamus A (2012) Hybridization and molecular characterization of F1 Allium cepa × Allium roylei plants. Acta Biol Cracov Bot 54(2):25–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey MR, Anthony P, Power JB et al (2005) Plant protoplast technology: current status. Acta Phys Plant 27:117–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhawan C, Kharb P, Sharma R et al (2013) Development of male-specific SCAR marker in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Tree Genet Genomes 9:1143–1150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz S, Pire C, Ferrer J et al (2003) Identification of Phoenix dactylifera L. varieties based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Cell Mol Biol Lett 8(4):891–899

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami A, Al-Khayri JM (2012) Socioeconomic and traditional importance of date palm. Emir J Food Agric 24(5):371–385

    Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami A, Daayf F, El Hadrami I (2011a) Date palm genetics and breeding. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 479–512

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami A, Daayf F, El Hadrami I (2011b) Secondary metabolites of date palm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 653–674

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami A, Daayf F, Elshibli S et al (2011c) Somaclonal variation in date palm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 183–203

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami A, Daayf F, El Hadrami I (2011d) In vitro selection for abiotic stress in date palm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 237–252

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami I (1995) L’embryogenese somatique chez Phoenix dactylifera L. quelques facteurs limitants et marqueurs biochimiques. Dissertation, Université Cadi Ayyad

    Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami I, El Hadrami A (2009) Breeding date palm. In: Jain SM, Priyadarshan PM (eds) Breeding plantation tree crops. Springer, New York, pp 191–216

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Dawayati MM, Ghazzawy HS, Munir M (2018) Somatic embryogenesis enhancement of date palm cultivar Sewi using different types of polyamines and glutamine amino acid concentration under in-vitro solid and liquid media conditions. Int J Biosci 12(1):149–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Habba MS, Al-Mulhim F (2013) The competitiveness of the Saudi Arabian date palm: an analytical study. Afr J Agric Res 8(43):5260–5267

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Juhany LI (2010) Degradation of date palm trees and date production in Arab countries: causes and potential rehabilitation. Austral J Basic Appl Sci 4(8):3998–4010

    Google Scholar 

  • Elleuch M, Besbes S, Roiseux O et al (2008) Date flesh: chemical composition and characteristics of the dietary fibre. Food Chem 111:67–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elmeer K, Mattat I (2012) Marker-assisted sex differentiation in date palm using simple sequence repeats. 3. Biotechnology 2:241–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Elsafy M, Zborowska A, Bryngelsson T et al (2016) Elucidating the genetic diversity of farmer cultivars of female date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Sudan by microsatellite markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 63(6):975–986

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Shiaty OH, El-Sharabasy SF, Abd El-Kareim AH (2004) Effect of some amino acids and biotin on callus and proliferation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Sewy cultivar. Arab J Biotechnol 7:265–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshraghi P, Zarghami R, Mirabdulbaghi M (2005) Somatic embryogenesis in two Iranian date palm cultivars. Afr J Biotechnol 4:1309–1312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang Y, Wu H, Zhang T et al (2012) A complete sequence and transcriptomic analyses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) mitochondrial genome. PLoS ONE 7:e37164. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037164

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAOSTAT (2005) Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization Corporate Statistical Database. Crop Production, Statistics Division. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed on 1 Aug 2016

  • FAOSTAT (2010) Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization Corporate Statistical Database. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed on 1 Aug 2016

  • FAOSTAT (2012) Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization Corporate Statistical Database. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed on 1 Aug 2016

  • Fayadh JM, Al-Showiman SS (1990) Chemical composition of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). J Chem Soc Pak 12:84–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez D, Ouinten M, Tantaoui A et al (1998) Fot1 Insertions in the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis genome provide diagnostic PCR targets for detection of the date palm pathogen. Appl Envir Microbiol 64:633–636

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finer JJ (2010) Plant nuclear transformation. In: Kempken F, Jung C (eds) Genetic modification of plants: biotechnology in agriculture and forestry. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Finkle BJ, Ulrich JM, Rains DW et al (1979) Survival of alfalfa, Medicago sativa, rice Oryza sativa and date palm Phoenix dactylifera, callus after liquid nitrogen freezing. Cryobiol 16:583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fki L, Masmoudi R, Drira N et al (2003) An optimised protocol for plant regeneration from embryogenic suspension cultures of date palm, (Phoenix dactylifera L.), cv. Deglet Nour. Plant Cell Rep 21:517–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fki L, Masmoudi R, Kriaa W et al (2011) Date palm micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 47–68

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gerritsen ME, Carley WW, Ranges GE et al (1995) Flavonoids inhibit cytokine induced endothelial cell adhesion protein gene expression. Am J Pathol 147:278–292

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong S, Liu J (2013) Genetic transformation and genes for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in Citrus and its related genera. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 113:137–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habashi AA, Kaviani M, Mousavi A et al (2008) Transient expression of b-glucuronidase reporter gene in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) embryogenic calli and somatic embryos via microprojectile bombardment. J Food Agric Environ 6:160–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider N, Nabulsi I, Ali NM (2012) Phylogenetic relationships among date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars in Syria using RAPD and ISSR markers. J Plant Biol Res 1(2):12–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammadi H, Mokhtar R, Mokhtar E et al (2009) New approach for morphological identification of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Tunisia. Pak J Bot 41:2671–2681

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanning E (1904) Uber die kultur von cruciferne, embryonen ausenhalb des embryosachs. Bot Ztg 62:45–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao YJ, Wen XP, Deng XX (2004) Genetic and epigenetic evaluation of citrus calluses recovered from slow growth cultures. J Plant Physiol 161:479–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazzouri KM, Flowers JM, Visser HJ et al (2015) Whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversification of a fruit tree crop. Nat Commun 6:8824. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heikrujam M, Sharma K, Prasad M (2015) Review on different mechanisms of sex determination and sex-linked molecular markers in dioecious crops: a current update. Euphytica 201:161–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong YJ, Tomas-Barberan FAA, Kader A (2006) The flavonoids glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Nour dates (Phoenix dactylifera). J Agric Food Chem 54:2405–2411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horsch RB, Fry JE, Hoffmann NL et al (1985) A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants. Science 227:1229–1231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibraheem Y, Pinker MI, Böhme M (2012) The effect of sodium chloride-stress on ‘Zaghloul’ date palm somatic embryogenesis. Acta Hortic 961:367–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPGRI (2005) Descripteurs du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Institut International des Resources Phytogenetiques, Rome. http://ipgri.cgiar.org.et; http://www.magrebdatepalm.org

  • Jain SM (2001) Tissue culture-derived variation in crop improvement. Euphytica 118:153–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain SM (2005) Major mutation-assisted plant breeding programmes supported by FAO/IAEA. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 82:113–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain SM (2006) Radiation-induced mutations for developing Bayoud disease resistant date palm in North Africa. In: Zaid A (ed) Proceedings of the international workshop on true-to-typeness of date palm tissue cultured-derived plants, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, UAE University, Al Ain, 2006, pp 31–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain SM (2007) Recent advances in date palm tissue culture and mutagenesis. Acta Hortic 736:205–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain SM (2010) Date palm genetic diversity conservation for sustainable production. Acta Hortic 882:785–792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) (2011) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaiti F, Verdeil JL, El Hadrami I (2009) Effect of jasmonic acid on the induction of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities in relation to date palm resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Phys Mol Plant Path 74:84–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jasim AM, Abbas MF, Alzubaidy BH (2010) Effect of salt stress and proline on chemical on content of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. ‘Ashkar’). Acta Hortic 882:219–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jazinizadeh E, Zarghami R, Majd A et al (2015) In vitro production of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. ‘Barhee’ plantlets through direct organogenesis. Biol Forum Int J 7(2):566–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS et al (2002) Glycemic index: Overview of implications in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 76(1):266S–273S

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DV, Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM (2013) Seedling date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as genetic resources. Emir J Food Agric 25(11):809–830

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DV, Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM (2015) Introduction: Date production status and prospects in Africa and the Americas. In: Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm genetic resources and utilization, vol 1. Africa and the Americas. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 3–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadir APG (2008) Biolistic-mediated production of transgenic of oil palm. Methods Mol Biol 477:301–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamal-Eldin A, Ghnimi S (2018) Classification of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) based on chemometric analysis with multivariate approach. J Food Meas Charact https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9717-4

  • Kassem HA, Marzouk HA (2010) Effect of different organic fertilizer sources on improving fruit nutritional value and yield of Zaghloul dates. Acta Hortic 882:737–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaul A, Khanduja KJ (1998) Polyphenols inhibit promotional phase of tumorigenesis: Relevance of superoxide radicals. Nurt Cancer 32:81–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Bi TB (2012) Direct shoot regeneration system for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Dhakki as a means of micropropagation. Pak J Bot 44(6):1965–1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Khierallah HS, Bader MSM (2007) Micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) var. Maktoom through organogenesis. Acta Hortic 736:213–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khierallah HSM, Al-Sammarraie SKI, Mohammed HI (2014) Molecular characterization of some Iraqi date palm cultivars using RAPD and ISSR markers. J Asian Sci Res 4(9):490–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Khierallah HSM, Hussein NH (2013) The role of coconut water and casein hydrolysate in somatic embryogenesis of date palm and genetic stability detection using RAPD markers. Res Biotechnol 4(3):20–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Khosla PK, Kumari A (2015) Methods of sex determination in dioecious angiospermous plants. Lakshya: J Sci Manage 1:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristina FC, Towill LE (1993) Pollen-handling protocol and hydration/dehydration characteristics of pollen for application to long-term storage. Euphytica 68:77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger RR (2011) Date Palm Germplasm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, p 313

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lanteri S, Barcaccia G (2005) Molecular markers based analysis for crop germplasm preservation. In: Proceedings international workshop on the role of biotechnology for characterisation and conservation of crop, forestry, animal and fishery genetic resources. www.fao.org/biotech/docs/lanteri.pdf

  • Larkin PJ, Scowcroft WR (1981) Somaclonal variation: a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60:197–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louvet J, Toutain G (1973) Recherches sur les fusarioses. VII. Nouvelles observations sur la fusariose du palmier dattier et précisions concernant la lutte. Ann Phytopathol 5:35–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig DS (2002) The glycemic index: Physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 287(18):2414–2423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lulsdorf MM, Ferrie A, Slater SM et al (2014) Methods and role of embryo rescue technique in alien gene transfer. In: Partab A, Kumar J (eds) Alien gene transfer in crop plants, vol 1. Springer, New York, pp 77–103

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mahatre M (2013) Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L., Merr.). Methods Mol Biol 11013:435–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Maluszynski M, Nichterlein K, van Zanten L et al (2000) Officially released mutant varieties – the FAO/IAEA database. Mut Breed Rev 12:1–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansouri A, Embarek G, Kokkalou E et al (2005) Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chem 89:411–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsafari M, Mehrabi AA (2013) Molecular identification and genetic diversity of Iranian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using ISSR and RAPD markers. Aus. J Crop Sci 7(8):1160–1166

    Google Scholar 

  • Maryam, Jaskani MJ, Awan FS (2016) Development of molecular method for sex identification in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plantlets using novel sex-linked microsatellite markers. 3 Biotechnology 6(1):22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-015-0321-6

  • Mater AA (1987) Production and cryogenic freezing of date palm germplasm and regeneration of plantlets from frozen material. Iraqi J Agric Sci Zanco 5:35–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Matheron B, Benbadis A (1985) Etude comparée des premières phases de l’infection du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) par deux formes spéciales de Fusarium oxysporum la f. sp. albedinis (agent du bayoud) et la f. sp. Melonis. Bull Soc Bot Fr Lett Bot 132:203–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew LS, Spannag M, Al-Malki A et al (2014) A first genetic map of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) reveals long-range genome structure conservation in the palms. BMC Genom 15:285. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazri MA, Belkoura I, Meziani R et al (2017) Somatic embryogenesis from bud and leaf explants of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Najda. 3. Biotechnology 7:58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0676-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCue PP, Shetty K (2004) Inhibitory effects of rosmarinic acid extracts on porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 13:101–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meilleur BA, Hodgkin T (2004) In situ conservation of crop wild relatives: status and trends. Biodivers Conser 13:663–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milewicz M, Sawicki J (2013) Sex-linked markers in dioecious plants. Plant Omics J 6(2):144–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller CJ, Dunn EV, Hashim IB (2003) The glycaemic index of dates and date/yoghurt mixed meals. Are dates ‘the candy that grows on trees’? Eur J Clin Nutr 57:427–430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mirbahar AA, Markhand GS, Khan S (2014) Molecular characterization of some Pakistani date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars by RAPD markers. Pak J Bot 46(2):619–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohsen A, Amara SB, Salem NB (2003) Effect of vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging on Deglet Nour date storage in Tunisia. Fruits 85:205–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondal TK, Kundu PK, Ahula PS (1997) Gene silencing: a problem in transgenic research. Curr Sci 72:699–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Mousavi M, Mousavi A, Habashi AA et al (2009) Efficient transformation and expression of gus gene in somatic embryos of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) via particle bombardment. Afr J Biotechnol 8:3721–3730

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mousavi M, Mousavi A, Habashi AA et al (2014) Genetic transformation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. ‘Estamaran’) via particle bombardment. Mol Biol Rep 41:8185–8194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mujeeb-Kazi A (2003) Wheat improvement facilitated by novel genetic diversity and in vitro technology. Plant Tissue Cult 13:179–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Muldoon MF, Kritchvesky SB (1996) Flavonoids and heart disease. BMJ 312:458–459

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munier P (ed) (1973) Le palmier dattier. Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris, pp 141–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Munns R, Tester M (2008) Mechanism of salinity tolerance. Ann Rev Plant Biol 59:651–681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog FA (1962) Revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MyCock DJ, Berjak P, Pammenter NW et al (1997) Cryopreservation of somatic embryoids of Phoenix dactylifera. In: Ellis RH, Black M, Murdoch AJ, Hong TD (eds) Basic and applied aspects of seed biology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 75–82

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Naik PM, Al-Khayri JM (2016) Somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through cell suspension culture. In: Jain SM (ed) Protocols for in vitro cultures and secondary metabolite analysis of aromatic and medicinal plants, 2nd edn. Methods in molecular biology. vol 1391. Springer, New York, pp 357–366

    Google Scholar 

  • National Gene Bank (2007) Country report on the state of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Arab Republic of Egypt. Cairo, Egypt, pp 13–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon RW (1951) The date palm: “tree of life” in the subtropical deserts. Econ Bot 5:274–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osman SM (2009) Response of Sakkoty date palm cultivar propagated by tissue culture-derived to different sources of fertilization. World J Agr Sci 5:631–638

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Othmani A, Bayoudh C, Drira N et al (2009a) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in date palm Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Boufeggous is significantly improved by fine chopping and partial desiccation of embryogenic callus. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 97:71–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Othmani A, Bayoudh C, Drira N et al (2009b) In vitro cloning of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Deglet Bey by using embryogenic suspension and temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB). Biotechnol Equip 23(2):1181–1188

    Google Scholar 

  • Othmani A, Bayoudh C, Drira N et al (2009b) Regeneration and molecular analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plantlets using RAPD markers. Afr J Biotechnol 8(5):813–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Pintaud JC, Zehdi S, Couvreur T et al (2010) Species delimitation in the genus Phoenix (Arecaceae) based on SSR markers, with emphasis on the identity of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In: Seberg O, Petersen G, Barfod A, Davis J (eds) Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the monocotyledons. Arhus University Press, Denmark, pp 267–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Puri, HS (2002) Rasayana: Ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation. CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Purseglove JW (1972) Tropical crops. Monocotyledons, vol 2. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Qacif N, Baaziz M, Bendiab K (2007) Biochemical investigations on peroxidase contents of male and female inflorescences of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Sci Hort 114:298–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Racchi ML, Bove A, Turchi A et al (2014) Genetic characterization of Libyan date palm resources by microsatellite markers. 3. Biotechnology 4(1):21–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-013-0116-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radwan O, Arro J, Keller C et al (2015) RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis in date palm suggests multi-dimensional responses to salinity stress. Trop Plant Biol 8:74–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramoliya PJ, Pandey AN (2003) Soil salinity and water status affect growth of Phoenix dactylifera seedlings. New Zeal J Crop Hort 4:345–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renau-Morata B, Arrillaga I, Segura J (2006) In vitro storage of cedar shoot culture under minimal growth conditions. Plant Cell Rep 25:636–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rivera D, Johnson D, Delgadillo J et al (2013) Historical evidence of the Spanish introduction of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., Arecaceae) into the Americas. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60:1433–1452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roshanfekrrad M, Zarghami R, Hassani H et al (2017) Effect of AgNO3 and BAP on root as a novel explant in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera cv. Medjool) somatic embryogenesis. Pak J Biol Sci 20(1):20–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizkalla AA, Badr-Elden AM, Nower AA (2007) Protoplast isolation, salt stress and callus formation of two date palm genotypes. J Appl Sci Res 3(10):1186–1194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saafi EB, El Arem A, Issaoui M et al (2009) Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit varieties grown in Tunisia. Int J Food Sci Technol 44:2314–2319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saafi EB, Trigui M, Thabet R et al (2008) Common date palm in Tunisia: chemical composition of pulp and pits. Int J Food Sci Technol 43:2033–2037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saaidi M (1992) Comportement au champ de 32 cultivars de palmier dattier vis-à-vis du bayoud: 25 années d’observations. Agro EDP Sci 12:359–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabir JSM, Abo-Aba S, Bafeel S et al (2014a) Characterization of ten date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Saudi Arabia using AFLP and ISSR markers. C R Biol 337:6–18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sabir JSM, Arasappan D, Bahieldin A et al (2014b) Whole mitochondrial and plastid genome SNP analysis of nine date palm cultivars reveals plastid heteroplasmy and close phylogenetic relationships among cultivars. PLoS ONE 9(4):e94158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094158

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saker M, Allam MA, Goma AH (2007) Optimization of some factors affecting genetic transformation of semidry Egyptian date palm cultivar (Sewi) using particle bombardment. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 5:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Saker M, Bekheet M, Taha HS et al (2000) Detection of seasonal variations in tissue culture derived date palm plants using isozyme analysis and RAPD fingerprints. Biol Plant 43:347–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saker M, Ghareeb H, Kumlehn J (2009) Factors influencing transient expression of Agrobacterium mediated transformation of GUS gene in embryogenic callus of date palm. Adv Hortic Sci 23:150–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Saker MM (2011) Transgenic date palm. In: Jain SM, Al Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 631–650

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sallon S, Solowey E, Cohen Y et al (2008) Germination, genetics, and growth of an ancient date seed. Science 320:1464. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153600

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauca F, Lazar DA (2011) Scientific results regarding the gene(s) introgression of drought resistance to Helianthus annuus species, using embryo rescue. Rom Biotechnol Lett 16:3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M (2011a) Development of new Moroccan selected date palm varieties resistant to bayoud and of good fruit quality. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 513–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M (2011b) Molecular markers for genetic diversity and bayoud disease resistance in date palm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 533–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M, Lazrek BH (2011) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis toxin characterization and use for selection of resistant date palm to bayoud disease. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 253–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Sghaier B, Jorrín-Novo JV, Gargouri-Bouzid R et al (2010) Abscisic acid and sucrose increase the protein content in date palm somatic embryos causing changes in 2-DE profile. Phytochem 71:1223–1236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sghaier B, Kriaa W, Bahloul M et al (2009) Effect of ABA, arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos. Sci Hort 120:379–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shabani F, Kumar L, Taylor S (2012) Climate change impacts on the future distribution of date palms: a modeling exercise using CLIMEX. PLoS ONE 7:e48021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048021

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaheen M (1990) Propagation of date palm through tissue culture: a review and an interpretation. Ann Agric Sci Ain Shams Univ Cairo Egypt 35:895–909

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidky RA, Gadalla EG (2013) Somatic embryogenesis in Phoenix dactylifera: maturation, germination and reduction of hyperhydricity during embryogenic cell suspension culture. Arab J Biotech 16(1):119–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidky RA, Zaid ZE (2011) Direct production of somatic embryos and plant regeneration using TDZ and CPPU of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Int J Acad Res 3:792–796

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh RS, Krishna H, Bhargava R (2012) Conservation and management of plant genetic resources of arid fruits: a review. Ind J Arid Hort 7:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Soliman SS, Al-Obeed RS, Omar AA et al (2013) A Comparative study of the morphological characteristics of some seedling date palm males. J Appl Sci Res 9(7):4463–4468

    Google Scholar 

  • Soliman SS, Bahy A, Morsy MM (2003) Genetic comparisons of Egyptian date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by RAPD-PCR. Afr J Biotechnol 2:86–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonia DDS, Laurent CL, Cosette P et al (2013) The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaf proteome: identification of a gender biomarker to screen male parents. Plant Omics J 6(1):18–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivashtav VS, Kapadia CV, Mahatma MK et al (2013) Genetic diversity analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the Kutch region of India using RAPD and ISSR markers Emir J Food Agric 25(11):907–915

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudhersan C, Al-Shayji Y (2011) Interspecific hybridization and embryo rescue in date palm. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 567–584

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sudhersan C, Al-Shayji Y, Jibi Manuel S (2009) Date palm crop improvement via T × D hybridization integrated with in vitro culture technique. Acta Hortic 829:219–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suprasanna P, Meenakshi S, Bapat VA (2009) Integrated approaches of mutagenesis and in vitro selection for crop improvement. In: Kumar A, Shekhawat NS (eds) Plant tissue culture and molecular markers, their role in improving crop productivity. IK International Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 73–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Taha HS, Bekheet SA, Saker MM (2001) Factors affecting in vitro multiplication of date palm. Biol Plant 44:431–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahraoui A, El-Hilaly J, Israili ZH et al (2007) Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in south-eastern Morocco (Errachidia province). J Ethnopharmacol 110(1):105–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tisserat B (1979) Propagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), in vitro. J Exp Bot 30:1275–1283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tisserat B (1982) Factors involved in the production of plantlets from date palm callus cultures. Euphy 31:201–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tisserat B, Gabr MF, Sabour MT (1985) Viability of cryogenically treated date palm pollen. Date Palm J 4:25–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Titouh K, Khelifi L, Slaoui M et al (2015) A simplified protocol to induce callogenesis in protoplasts of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars. Iran J Biotechnol 13(1):26–35

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trethowan R (2014) Delivering drought tolerance to those who need it: from genetic resource to cultivar. Crop Pastor Sci 65(7):645–654

    Google Scholar 

  • Trifi MA, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M (2000) Phylogenetic relationships in Tunisian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) germplasm collection using DNA amplification fingerprinting. Agronom 20:665–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triki MA, Zouba A, Khouldia O et al (2003) Maladie des feuilles cassantes or brittle leaf disease of date palms in Tunisia: biotic or abiotic disease? J Plant Pathol 85(2):71–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi JN, Muwonge A, Tripathi L (2012) Efficient regeneration and transformation of plantain cv. ‘‘Gonja manjaya’’ (Musa spp. AAB) using embryogenic cell suspensions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 48:216–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich JM, Finkle BJ, Moore PH et al (1979) Effect of a mixture of cryoprotectants in attaining liquid nitrogen survival of cells. Fiziol Rast 15:749–756

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Agriculture (2016) National nutrient database for standard reference, Basic Report 9087 and 9421. Report 9087 https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2199?manu=&fgcd=, Report 9421 https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/09421?fgcd=&manu=&format=&count=&max=25&offset=&sort=default&order=asc&qlookup=date&ds=&qt=&qp=&qa=&qn=&q=&ing=. Accessed 1 Aug 2016

  • Vayalil PK (2002) Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae). J Agric Food Chem 50:610–617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vayalil PK (2012) Date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera Linn): an emerging medicinal food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 52(3):249–271

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakil W, Faleiro JR, Miller TA et al (2015) Date palm production and pest management challenges. In: Wakil W, Faleiro JR, Miller TA (eds) Sustainable pest management in date palm: current status and emerging challenges, sustainability in plant and crop protection. Springer, Switzerland, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Wrigley G (1995) Date palm. In: Smartt J, Simmonds NW (eds) Evolution of crop plants, 2nd edn. Longman Group, UK, Essex, pp 399–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaish MW, Sunkar R, Zheng Y et al (2015) A genome-wide identification of the miRNAome in response to salinity stress in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Front. Plant Sci 6:946

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang M, Zhang X, Liu G et al (2010) The complete chloroplast genome sequence of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). PLoS ONE 5:e12762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012762

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yatta D, Abed F, Amara B (2013) Protoplast isolation from cell suspension of two Algerian cultivars of date palm (‘Takerbucht’ and ‘Tegaza’). Acta Hortic 994:323–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Younis RAA, Ismail OM, Soliman SS (2008) Identification of sex-specific DNA markers for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using RAPD and ISSR techniques. Res J Agric Biol Sci 4:278–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf AO, Culham A, Aljuhani W et al (2015) Genetic diversity of Nigerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) germplasm based on microsatellite markers. Int J Biosci Biotechnol 7(1):121–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaid A (1987) Morphogenetic variation in palm embryos in vitro. Date Palm J 5:36–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaid A, Al-Kaabi H (2003) Plant-off types in tissue culture-derived date palm. (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Emir J Agric Sci 15:17–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang G, Pan L, Yin Y, Liu W, Huang D, Zhang T, Wang L, Xin C, Lin Q, Sun G, Abdullah MMB, Zhang X, Hu S, Al-Mssallem IS, Yu J (2012) Large-scale collection and annotation of gene models for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.). Plant Mol Biol 79(6):521–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Tan J, Yang M et al (2011) Date palm genome project at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 427–448

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Zouine J, El Bellaj M, Meddich A et al (2005) Proliferation and germination of somatic embryos from embryogenic suspension cultures in Phoenix dactylifera. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 82:83–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zouine J, El Hadrami I (2007) Effect of 2,4-D, glutamine and BAP on embryogenic suspension culture of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Sci Hort 112:221–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Hassa, 31982, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri & Poornananda M. Naik

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Consultant, 3726 Middlebrook Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45208, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Authors
  1. Jameel M. Al-Khayri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Poornananda M. Naik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shri Mohan Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dennis V. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jameel M. Al-Khayri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendix 1

Research institutes concerned with date palm .

Appendix 2

Genetic resources of date palm .

This information is available in the 2-volume book Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization (Al-Khayri et al. 2015a, b).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Al-Khayri, J.M., Naik, P.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (2018). Advances in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91944-7_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation