Abstract
Relations between force and length in the relaxed state, diastole, and active state, systole, are important parameters standing at the basis of diastolic and systolic heart function. Calcium entry and removal in and out the muscle cell play a major role in muscle force. The difference between the systolic and diastolic force is developed force. Force is expressed relative to cross-sectional area of the muscle and called tension (stress would be a better term). The force-velocity relation, shows that velocity of contraction decreases when force increases. Stress relates to pressure (Chap. 9).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fukuda N, Granzier HL. Titin/connectin-based modulation of the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2005;26:319–23. Review.
Kentish JC, ter Keurs HEDJ, Ricciardi L, Bucx JJJ, Noble MIM. Cardiac muscle mechanics: comparison between the sarcomere length-force relations of intact and skinned trabeculae from rat right ventricle. Circ Res. 1986;58:755–68.
Huisman RM, Elzinga G, Westerhof N, Sipkema P. Comparison of models used to calculate left ventricular wall force. Cardiovasc Res. 1980;14:142–53.
Daniels M, Noble MIM, ter Keurs HEDJ, Wohlfart B. Force and velocity of sarcomere shortening in rat cardiac muscle: relationship of force, sarcomere length, Ca++ and time. J Physiol. 1984;355:367–81.
van der Velden J, Klein LJ, van der Bijl M, Huybregts MA, Stooker W, Witkop J, et al. Isometric tension development and its calcium sensitivity in skinned myocyte-sized preparations from different regions of the human heart. Cardiovasc Res. 1999;42:706–19.
Herzog W, Lee EJ, Rassier DE. Residual force enhancement in skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2007;578:613–5. Holohan SJ, Marston SB. IEEE Proc Nanobiotechnol 2005;152:113–20
Liu X, Pollack GH. Stepwise sliding of single actin and myosin filaments. Biophys J. 2004;86:353–8.
Kishino A, Yanagida T. Force measurements by micromanipulation of a single actin filament by glass needles. Nature. 1988;334(6177):74–6.
Holohan SJ, Marston SB. Force-velocity relationship of single actin filament interacting with immobilised myosin measured by electromagnetic technique. IEEE Proc Nanobiotechnol. 2005;152:113–20.
Sun YB, Lou F, Irving M. Calcium- and myosin-dependent changes in troponin structure during activation of heart muscle. J Physiol. 2009;587(Pt 1):155–63.
Granzier HL, Irving TC. Passive tension in cardiac muscle: contribution of collagen, titin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Biophys J. 1995;68:1027–44.
Drake-Holland AJ, Lee JA, Hynd J, Clarke SB, Noble MI. Beneficial effect of the calcium-sensitizing drug EMD 57033 in a canine model of dilated heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond). 1997;93:213–8.
Golob M, Moss RL, Chesler NC. Cardiac tissue structure, properties, and performance: a materials science perspective. Ann Biomed Eng. 2014;42:2003–13.
Zile MR, Baicu CF, Ikonomidis JS, Stroud RE, Nietert PJ, Bradshaw AD, et al. Myocardial stiffness in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: contributions of collagen and titin. Circulation. 2015;131:1247–59.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Westerhof, N., Stergiopulos, N., Noble, M.I.M., Westerhof, B.E. (2019). Cardiac Muscle Mechanics. In: Snapshots of Hemodynamics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91932-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91932-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91931-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91932-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)