Abstract
This article deals with the genesis of the gas discharge funnel located 30 km south of the Bovanenkovskoye gas condensate field and named the Yamal crater. A new approach contains the theory of the formation of similar funnels due to the structural transformations of the frozen massif under the influence of gases coming from the decomposition of gas hydrates. The leading role of lakes in the formation of local zones of dissociation of gas hydrates was declared. The estimation of the pressure that is necessary for migration of fluids in frozen rocks and the explosion that formed the Yamal crater was carried out.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- h :
-
Ejection depth, meters
- ϕ :
-
Angle of inclination to the conical surface, radians
- H :
-
Height of conical body, meters
- R 1 :
-
Radius of the base of the conical body, meters
- R 2 :
-
Upper radius of conical body, meters
- [σ]:
-
Maximum permissible tensile stress, mPa
- [τ]:
-
Maximum allowable shear stress, mPa
- F :
-
Vertical force of adhesion of the lateral surface to the ground, newtons
- G :
-
Strength of body weight, newtons
- P 0 :
-
Atmospheric pressure, newtons
- ρ мг :
-
Frozen soil density, t/m3
- g :
-
Acceleration of gravity, m/s2
- \( {p}_h^{\ast } \) :
-
Critical ejection pressure from the depth, mPa
References
Alidibirov, M. A. (1998). Mechanism of fragmentation of highly viscous magma in volcanic explosions (experimental study): Thesis of Dr. Phys.-Math. sciences. M. NDG RAS, 272 p. (Rus.).
Bogoyavlensky, V. I. (2015). Emissions of gas and oil onshore and offshore in the Arctic and the World Ocean. Drilling and Oil, vol.6, 4–10 (Rus.).
Bogoyavlensky, V. I. (2014). The threat of catastrophic gas emissions from the Arctic cryolithozone. Craters of Yamal and Taimyr. Drilling and Oil, vol. 9, 12–17 (Rus.).
Bogoyavlensky, V. I., & Garagash, I. A. (2015). Justification of the gas emission craters formation process in the Arctic by mathematical modeling. Arctic: Ecology and Economics, 3(19), 12–17 (Rus.).
Chuvilin, E. M., Bukhanov, B. A., Grebenkin, S. I., Doroshin, V. V., & Iospa, A. V. (2016). Experimental study of the strength of frozen hydrate-bearing soils under conditions of self-preservation of pore hydrate. Fifth Conference of Russian Geocryologists, M. University Book Publ., Vol. 3: (pp. 180–186) (Rus.).
Civil protection. Encyclopedia. (2006). In S. K. Shoigu (Ed.), EMERCOM of Russia (Vol. No. 2. 1, pp. F–I). Moscow: Moscow Printing Plant (Rus.).
Cryosphere of oil and gas condensate fields of the Yamal Peninsula. (2013). Vol. 2: Cryosphere of the Bovanenkovo oil and gas condensate field. Yu. V. Badu, N. A. Gafarova, & E. E. Podborny (Eds.), M.: Gazprom Expo Publ., 424 p. (Rus.).
Devisilov. V. A., Drozdova, T. I., & Timofeeva, S. S. (2012). Theory of combustion and explosion: Workshop: A training manual. M: FORUM Publ., 352 p. (Rus.).
Dubrovin, V. A., Kritsuk, L. N., & Polyakova, E. I. (2015). Temperature, composition and age of the shelf sediments of the Kara Sea in the area of the geocryological observation marre sale. Cryosphere of the Earth, XIX(4), 3–16 (Rus.).
Dyadin, Y. A., & Gushchin, A. L. (1998). Gas hydrates. Sorosovsky Educational Magazine. vol. 3, 55–64 (Rus.).
Epov, M. I., Eltsov, I. N., Olenchenko, V. V., Potapov, V. V., Kushnarenko, O. N., Plotnikov, A. E., & Sinitsky, A. I. (2014). Bermuda triangle of Yamal. Science First-Hand, 5(59), 14–23 (Rus.).
Hunt, J. (1982). Geochemistry and geology of oil and gas. Moscow: Mir (Rus.).
Khimenkov, A. N., Sergeev, D. O., Stanilovskaya, Y. V., Vlasov, A. N., & Volkov-Bogorodsky, D. B. (2017a). Gas emissions in the cryolithozone, as a new type of geocryological hazards. Georisk, 3, 58–65 (Rus.).
Khimenkov, A. N., Sergeev, D. O., & Tipenko, G. S. (2017b). Local warming of permafrost massive as the one of causes of gas emission funnel in cryolithozone/theses of conferences “Natural processes in Polar Regions of Earth in Global Warming Epoch, October 9–11, Sochi, Russia:43 (Rus.).
Kizyakov, A. I., Sonyushkin, A. V., Leibman, M. O., Zimin, M. V., & Khomutov, A. V. (2015). Geomorphological conditions of gas-emission crater and its dynamics in Central Yamal. Cryosphere of the Earth, XIX(2), 15–25 (Rus.).
Kozhina, L. Y., Miklyaeva, E. S., Perlova, E. V., Sinitsky, A. I., Tkacheva, E. V., & Cherkasov, V. A. (2015). Dangerous contemporary manifestations of cryoactivity – the main results of the Yamal crater study. Scientific Herald of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, № 2/87, Salekhard:19–28 (Rus.).
Leibman, M. O., Kizyakov, A. I., Plekhanov, A. V., & Streletskaya, I. D. (2014). New permafrost feature – Deep crater in central Yamal (West Siberia, Russia) as a response to local climate fluctuations. Geography Environment, 7(4), 68–80 (Rus.).
Leibman, M. O., & Plekhanov, A. V. (2014). Yamal gas emission crater. Kholod’OK, 2(12), 9–15 (Rus.).
Olenchenko, V. V., Sinitsky, A. I., Antonov, E. Y., Yeltsov, I. N., Kushnarenko, O. N., Plotnikov, A. E., Potapov, V. V., & Epov, M. I. (2015). Results of geophysical researches of the area of new geological formation “Yamal crater”. Cryosphere of the Earth, vol. XIX, #4, 94–106 (Rus.).
Shostak, N. A. (2015). Modeling the formation and dissociation of hydrates in the development and operation of oil and gas fields: PhD thesis of tech. sciences. Krasnodar (Rus.).
Sizov, O. V. (2015). Remote analysis of the surface gas manifestations consequences in the north of Western Siberia. Geomatics, 1, 53–68 (Rus.).
Vasilyeva, Z. A., Djafarov, D. S., & Ametova, T. A. (2011). Indirect technogenic signs of gas hydrates indication in the cryolithozone. Cryosphere of the Earth, XV(1), 61–67 (Rus.).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Khimenkov, A.N. et al. (2019). Structural Transformations of Permafrost before the Formation of the Yamal Craters. In: Svalova, V. (eds) Natural Hazards and Risk Research in Russia. Innovation and Discovery in Russian Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91833-4_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91833-4_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91832-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91833-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)