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Vaccines in Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies

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Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies

Part of the book series: Rare Diseases of the Immune System ((RDIS))

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Abstract

Vaccines in humoral immunodeficiencies play a pivotal role both in prevention and diagnosis. Due to the generally severe course of infections and to the poor response to conventional antimicrobial treatments, individual prevention through vaccination, as well as protection through herd immunity, is crucial in this population. However, some fundamental issues regarding safety and efficacy have to be stressed. In particular, focus should be put on the increased hazard of vaccine-induced infection, on the potentially lower immunogenicity, and on the susceptibility to specific pathogens.

The aim of this chapter is to offer a general approach both to prophylactic and diagnostic vaccination in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies based on literature review and practical experience. In recent years we are witnessing the rapid identification of new diseases and causative genes. For this reason, it is the aim of the authors to offer general principles that could be applicable also into newly discovered clinical entities instead of focusing on specific defects. Specific recommendations will be made only regarding well-defined and studied conditions. Viable and nonviable vaccines will be analyzed separately as well as vaccination in defined patient groups (e.g., patients receiving immunoglobulin, immunomodulatory drugs or transplant, household contacts, travelers, and pregnant women).

Besides their prophylactic use, vaccination also plays a pivotal role as diagnostic tool in humoral immunodeficiencies; a practical approach to the evaluation of specific antibody production will be briefly presented at the end of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-Graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Lorenzo Lodi

  2. Pediatric Clinic 1, Anna Meyer University Campus, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Maurizio de Martino

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  1. Lorenzo Lodi
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  2. Maurizio de Martino
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Careggi Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy

    Mario Milco D'Elios

  2. University Medical Centre Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Freiburg, Germany

    Marta Rizzi

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Lodi, L., de Martino, M. (2019). Vaccines in Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies. In: D'Elios, M., Rizzi, M. (eds) Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91785-6_22

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