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The Adenosine Receptors pp 33–57Cite as

Adenosine Receptors: Structure, Distribution, and Signal Transduction

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Part of the book series: The Receptors ((REC,volume 34))

Abstract

Adenosine receptors A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 are effector proteins triggered by the endogenous nucleoside adenosine to exert its numerous vital physiological effects, behaving like a guardian angel. This chapter offers an overview of the updated knowledge concerning the structure, distribution, and signal transduction of adenosine receptors. They are a family of G protein-coupled receptors widely distributed through the body, from central nervous system to peripheral organs, important and ubiquitous regulators of numerous cellular signaling. Their presence on every cell renders them an attractive opportunity for the pharmacological research and development of new drugs but also a challenge in the difficulty to produce tissue-selective ligands avoided of side effects. To aid this process, several efforts have been invested to reveal the molecular structure and the consequent mechanism of ligand binding of these receptors, and until now more than 30 structures have been published for the human A2A subtype. Finally, the principal adenosine receptor signaling pathways including adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases determining their effects on several transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive elements, nuclear factor-kB, and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP as the most relevant, are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Merighi, Stefania Gessi & Pier Andrea Borea

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  1. Stefania Merighi
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  2. Stefania Gessi
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  3. Pier Andrea Borea
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Correspondence to Stefania Gessi .

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  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Pier Andrea Borea

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Katia Varani

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Gessi

  4. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Merighi

  5. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Fabrizio Vincenzi

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Merighi, S., Gessi, S., Borea, P.A. (2018). Adenosine Receptors: Structure, Distribution, and Signal Transduction. In: Borea, P., Varani, K., Gessi, S., Merighi, S., Vincenzi, F. (eds) The Adenosine Receptors. The Receptors, vol 34. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90808-3_3

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