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Reflux in Pediatrics

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Reflux Aspiration and Lung Disease

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Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation or vomiting. This process occurs multiple times a day in healthy infants and children and most episodes cause few or no symptoms. When the refluxate reaches the mouth, the reflux is caused regurgitation. GER becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus is associated with troublesome symptoms and/or complications. However, deciding what symptoms are troublesome is often difficult in children who are non-verbal or who are unable to accurately convey symptoms [1, 2].

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Abbreviations

AHR:

Airway hyper-responsiveness

AR:

Anti regurgitation

BAL:

Broncho-alveolar lavage

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

GER:

Gastroesophageal reflux

GERD:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

H2:

Histamine2

LARS:

Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery

LES:

Lower esophageal sphincter

LPR:

Laryngo-pharyngeal reflux

MII:

Multiple intraluminal impedance

NASPGHAN:

North American Society of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnea

pH-MII:

Multiple intraluminal impedance with pH

PPI:

Proton pump inhibitor

SIDS:

Sudden infant death syndrome

TLESR:

Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

tLESRs:

Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations

VCD:

Vocal cord dysfunction

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  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Aerodigestive Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Nina Gluchowski & Rachel Rosen

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  1. Nina Gluchowski
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  2. Rachel Rosen
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  1. University of Hull, Hull York Medical School, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom

    Alyn H. Morice

  2. Castle Hill Hospital, RD Biomed Limited, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom

    Peter W. Dettmar

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Gluchowski, N., Rosen, R. (2018). Reflux in Pediatrics. In: Morice, A., Dettmar, P. (eds) Reflux Aspiration and Lung Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90525-9_21

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