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Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2 pp 49–76Cite as

Exploring Halotolerant Rhizomicrobes as a Pool of Potent Genes for Engineering Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops

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Abstract

Soil salinization is a constant threat to crop productivity and ecology worldwide. The conventional approach, breeding salt-tolerant plant cultivars, has often failed to efficiently alleviate this devastating environmental stress factor. In contrast, the use of a diverse array of microorganisms harbored by plants has attracted increasing attention because of the remarkable beneficial effects of them on plants. Among these microorganisms, halophilic and halotolerant rhizomicrobes is one of the most important extremophilic microorganisms. They can be found in saline or hypersaline ecosystems and have developed different adaptations to survive in salty environments. Their proteins and encoding genes are magnificently engineered to function in a milieu containing 2–5 M salt and represent a valuable repository and resource for reconstruction and visualizing processes of habitat selection and adaptive evolution. Indeed, the natural occurrence of these microorganisms in saline soils opens up a possible important role of them in increasing the salt tolerance in crops. They are capable of eliciting physical, chemical, and molecular changes in plants which enhanced their tolerance and promoted their growth, and thus they can refine agricultural practices and production under saline conditions. Likewise, their ability to serve as bioinoculants could be a more ready utilizable and sustainable solution to ameliorate the deleterious salt effects on plants. However, the ecology of their interactions with plants is still under investigation and not fully understood. This chapter aims to introduce the halotolerant rhizomicrobes and shed light on their special mechanisms to adapt to salinity conditions. A special section would be dedicated for their potential to be exploited in engineering salt tolerance in crops.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

EPS:

Exopolysaccharides

GPX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

IAA:

Indole acetic acid

LCO:

Lipo-chitooligosaccharide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

mtlD:

Mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase

PGDH:

3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

PGPR:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

QACs:

Quaternary ammonium compounds

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SHMT:

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SOS:

Salt overly sensitive

VOCs:

Volatile organic compounds

VSP2 :

Vegetative storage protein 2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Neveen B. Talaat

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  1. Neveen B. Talaat
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Vinay Kumar

  2. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  3. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    Penna Suprasanna

  4. Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Talaat, N.B. (2018). Exploring Halotolerant Rhizomicrobes as a Pool of Potent Genes for Engineering Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops. In: Kumar, V., Wani, S., Suprasanna, P., Tran, LS. (eds) Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90318-7_3

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