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Metabolomics for Crop Improvement Against Salinity Stress

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Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2

Abstract

In the post-genomic era, increasing efforts have been done to describe the relationship between genome and phenotype in plants. It has become clear that even a complete understanding of the state of the genes, messages, and proteins in a living system does not reveal its phenotype. Metabolites are the main readouts of gene vs environment interactions and represent the sum of all the levels of regulation in between gene and enzyme. Therefore, metabolome can be considered as the final recipient of biological information flow. Some metabolites have a very short lifetime and are indicators of specific metabolic reaction and of plant status. Indeed, it is well known that many of them are transformed during specific stresses and involved in plant stress response and resistance.

Salinity provides an important example of the effectiveness of metabolic changes in response to stress. In fact, exposure to salinity triggers specific strategies for cell osmotic adjustment and control of ion and water homeostasis to minimize stress damage and to reestablish growth. A ubiquitous mechanism that plants have evolved to adapt to salinity involves sodium sequestration in the vacuole, as a cheap osmoticum, and synthesis and accumulation of compatible compounds, both for osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress protection in the cytosol.

Metabolomics has been utilized for the study of plants in response to salinity stress in order to dissect particular patterns associated with stress tolerance. These studies have proven that certain metabolites are present in case of salt-induced metabolic dysfunction and can act as effectors of osmotic readjustment or antioxidant response. Thus, the presence of particular metabolite patterns can be associated with stress tolerance and could serve as accurate markers for salt-tolerant crop selection in breeding programs.

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Abbreviations

BMRB:

BioMagResBank

CE:

capillary electrophoresis

EI-MS:

electron impact ionization MS

ELS:

evaporative light scattering

ESI:

electrospray ionization

FT-ICR:

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance

GABA:

γ-aminobutyric acid

GB:

glycine betaine

GC:

gas chromatography

HILIC:

hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

HPAEC-PAD:

high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

IE:

ion-exchange

IT:

ion trap

LC:

liquid chromatography

LT:

linear trap

MMCD:

Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database

MS:

mass spectrometry

m/z:

mass-to-charge ratio

PAs:

polyamines

Q:

quadrupole

RI:

refractive index

SEC:

size-exclusion chromatography

SPE:

solid-phase extraction

TOF:

time of flight

UPLC:

ultra-performance liquid chromatography

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy

    Luisa D’Amelia, Emilia Dell’Aversana, Pasqualina Woodrow, Loredana F. Ciarmiello & Petronia Carillo

Authors
  1. Luisa D’Amelia
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  2. Emilia Dell’Aversana
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  3. Pasqualina Woodrow
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  4. Loredana F. Ciarmiello
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  5. Petronia Carillo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Petronia Carillo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Vinay Kumar

  2. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  3. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    Penna Suprasanna

  4. Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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D’Amelia, L., Dell’Aversana, E., Woodrow, P., Ciarmiello, L.F., Carillo, P. (2018). Metabolomics for Crop Improvement Against Salinity Stress. In: Kumar, V., Wani, S., Suprasanna, P., Tran, LS. (eds) Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90318-7_11

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