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Long-Term Effects of Fertilization on Soil Organism Diversity

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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 28

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 28))

Abstract

Fertilization applied in long-term farming systems exerts a crucial influence on soil organism diversity and soil properties. This chapter reviews the use of fertilizers for conventional and alternative farming systems in field experiments in order to improve our understanding of the temporal changes on soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and soil macroarthropods during their long-term utilization. We introduce what are the main effects of long-term fertilization systems on several agricultural farming systems around the world. We also present our experimental data about long-term utilization of mineral and organic fertilization from wheat and rapeseed field experiments. Published field studies show that the continuous use of mineral fertilizers might affect negatively soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, which in turn modifies the community composition of macroarthropods, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas organic fertilizers might affect positively these soil properties and soil organism diversity. Our review shows that inputs of organic matter sources can change positively soil properties and annual crop development and yield. Our review also highlights the importance of considering the long-term effect of organic fertilization combined with agricultural management practices, such as stubble retention, fertilization with micronutrient, and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing bacteria on the maintenance of soil fertility and to improve the diversity of soil organisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agrarian Science Center, Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba, 58397-000, Brazil

    Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza

  2. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal

    Helena Freitas

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  1. Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza
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  2. Helena Freitas
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Correspondence to Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UMR Agroécologie, INRA, Dijon, France

    Sabrina Gaba

  2. Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom

    Barbara Smith

  3. Aix-Marseille Univ, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, Europole Mediterraneen de l’Arbois, Aix en Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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de Souza, T.A.F., Freitas, H. (2018). Long-Term Effects of Fertilization on Soil Organism Diversity. In: Gaba, S., Smith, B., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 28. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90309-5_7

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