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Biomarkers in AKI

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Critical Care Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy in Children

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Abstract

Current acute kidney injury (AKI) clinical diagnosis is based on detecting an acute rise in serum creatinine or decrease in urine output. These biomarkers of AKI are suboptimal since they reflect decreased kidney function and do not directly reflect kidney tissue damage. Moreover, they are delayed diagnostic tests of AKI. These limitations have led to delays in developing AKI therapeutic interventions. New AKI biomarkers are mainly proteins that reflect structural kidney injury, many of which are upregulated in response to kidney tissue damage. These novel biomarkers may also inform on the cause and location of kidney injury and provide earlier AKI diagnosis than current diagnostic tests. New AKI biomarkers may also improve prediction of AKI prognosis and risk stratification. In the last two decades, a large amount of research on new AKI biomarkers has been performed. Bringing these biomarkers to use in clinical care has the potential to improve patient management and clinical outcomes. This chapter summarizes novel AKI biomarkers with particular emphasis on pediatric research performed to date. Readers will gain appreciation for utility of novel AKI biomarkers and direct applicability potential in clinical care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Kelly R. McMahon

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Michael Zappitelli

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  1. Kelly R. McMahon
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Correspondence to Michael Zappitelli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Akash Deep

  2. Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

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McMahon, K.R., Zappitelli, M. (2018). Biomarkers in AKI. In: Deep, A., Goldstein, S. (eds) Critical Care Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy in Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90281-4_4

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