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Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder pp 371–386Cite as

Status Dissociatus and Its Relation to RBD

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Abstract

The simultaneous occurrence of behavioral, neurophysiological, and autonomic descriptors conventionally defines each physiologic state of being. When functional or anatomical abnormalities involve the structures of the network orchestrating the synchronization of these descriptors, features of a state of being are erroneously recruited into an ongoing state, generating aberrant conditions. Several deviant patterns may occur, such as hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations, automatic behaviors, sleep drunkenness, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis due to intrusion of other states of being while awake; REM sleep behavior disorder and lucid dreaming due to the intrusion of features of wakefulness while in REM sleep; and the disorders of arousal, for the intrusion of features of wakefulness while in NREM sleep (according to the conventional way or interpretation adopted in the chapter).

Status dissociatus labels the extreme expression of the breakdown in the boundaries of state determinants. It ranges from conditions characterized by state instability with subcontinuous state transitions, as seen in autoimmune encephalitis and type 1 narcolepsy, to extreme conditions where state of being can no longer be identified.

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Abbreviations

ADCA-DN:

Dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy

caspr2:

Contactin-associated protein 2

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

EEG:

Electroencephalography

EMG:

Electromyography

GBS:

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Hcrt:

Hypocretin

Lgi1:

Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

NT1:

Type 1 narcolepsy

NMDA:

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PLMs:

Periodic leg movements

PSG:

Polysomnography

RBD:

REM sleep behavior disorder

REM:

Rapid eyes movement

RSWA:

REM sleep without atonia

SD:

Status dissociatus

SOREMP:

REM sleep onset periods

VGKC-Ab:

Voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies

W:

Wake

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Note Added in Proof

An additional case has recently been published: 1) Puligheddu M, Congiu P, Laccu I, et al. Overlap parasomnia disorder in a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Sleep Med. 2017;36:75–7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Elena Antelmi & Giuseppe Plazzi

  2. IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy

    Elena Antelmi & Giuseppe Plazzi

Authors
  1. Elena Antelmi
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  2. Giuseppe Plazzi
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Departments of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

  2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Birgit Högl

  3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aleksandar Videnovic

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Antelmi, E., Plazzi, G. (2019). Status Dissociatus and Its Relation to RBD. In: Schenck, C., Högl, B., Videnovic, A. (eds) Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_28

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